PLA熔融沉积过程变形预测及几何补偿  

Deformation Prediction and Geometric Compensation of PLA During Fused Deposition Modeling

作　　者：王海涛 江五贵[1] 樊奕辉 WANG Haitao;JIANG Wugui;FAN Yihui(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Nanchang Hangkong University,Nanchang 330063,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌航空大学材料科学与工程学院,南昌330063

出　　处：《失效分析与预防》2025年第1期1-10,共10页Failure Analysis and Prevention

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12462006,12062016)。

摘　　要：在熔融沉积成型(FDM)技术中,打印件的翘曲现象是制约打印精度提升的关键因素之一。采用热力顺序耦合有限元方法,研究了聚乳酸(PLA)在FDM过程中的翘曲变形行为及几何补偿方法。首先系统分析时间步长对模拟结果的影响,随后探讨光栅角度对翘曲行为的调控作用,最后实施反向补偿几何模型的方法,以实现对零件翘曲变形的有效补偿。结果表明:时间步长对温度场分布有显著影响,但对变形结果的直接影响较小,这归因于温度变化对时间的高度敏感性,而变形则更多地依赖于累积效应和准稳态平衡。此外,还发现采用0°/90°光栅角度交替策略能降低应力集中现象,与单一0°、45°光栅角度相比,应力极值降低12.7%,有效缓解翘曲问题。实施反向补偿策略后,使制造精度提升了62.07%。合理选择光栅角度并结合反向补偿设计策略能有效改善FDM过程中的翘曲现象,提升制造精度与打印件质量。In Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM)technology,the warping of printed parts is one of the key factors restricting the improvement of printing accuracy.A thermo-mechanical sequential coupled finite element method is used to investigate the warping deformation behavior and geometric compensation of polylactic acid(PLA)during the FDM process.First,the impact of time step size on the simulation results is systematically analyzed.Then,the role of raster angle in controlling distortion is explored.Finally,a method involving inverse geometric model compensation is implemented to effectively compensate the distortions in the fabricated parts.The results show that:the time step size has a significant effect on the temperature field distribution,but has little direct impact on the deformation results.This is due to the high sensitivity of temperature changes to time,while the deformation depends more on cumulative effects and quasi-steady-state balance.Additionally,it is found that adopting a 0°/90°alternating strategy can reduce the stress concentration.Compared to the single 0°or 45°angle,the maximum stress is reduced by 12.7%,effectively alleviating the warping problem.After implementing the reverse compensation strategy,the manufacturing accuracy is significantly improved by 62.07%.Consequently,reasonable selection of raster angle combined with reverse compensation design strategies can effectively restrain the warping problem in the FDM process,enhancing manufacturing accuracy and product quality.

关 键 词：熔融沉积成型 有限元 光栅角度 变形补偿 

分 类 号：TP334.8[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]