火山岩油气藏勘探进展  

Progress in Exploration of Volcanic Oil and Gas Reservoirs

作　　者：徐长贵[1] 杨海风 王清斌 单玄龙[3] 朱红涛[4] 唐华风[3] 侯明才[5] 刘晓健 Xu Changgui;Yang Haifeng;Wang Qingbin;Shan Xuanlong;Zhu Hongtao;Tang Huafeng;Hou Mingcai;Liu Xiaojian(China National Offshore Oil Corporation Ltd.,Beijing 100010,China;Tianjin Branch of China Offshore Oil Corperation Ltd.,Tianjin 300459,China;College of Earth Science,J ilin University,Changchun 130061,China;School of Earth Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Explortation,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋石油有限公司,北京100010 [2]中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司,天津300459 [3]吉林大学地球科学学院,吉林长春130061 [4]中国地质大学资源学院,湖北武汉430074 [5]成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室,四川成都610059

出　　处：《地球科学》2025年第2期363-376,共14页Earth Science

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(No.2016ZX05024-003-001).

摘　　要：盆地深层火山岩油气藏是重要的勘探目标,受到广泛重视.勘探成果显示各类岩性均有高产井,其中流纹岩单井产能最高,从储量增长来看,中国已成为火山勘探的主体.火山岩勘探突破需要长达数十年的勘探和研究的积累,勘探发现呈现出螺旋式上升;环太平洋构造域、特提斯构造域、中亚造山带构造域储量占比分别为44%、33%、16%,其他地区储量占比7%;中生界地层、新生界地层和古生界地层的火山岩探明储量占比分别为43%、38%和19%;从储量来看,熔岩、碎屑熔岩和火山碎屑岩占比分别为61%、31%和8%,玄武岩、流纹岩和粗面岩储层中储量占比分别为41%、13%和6%.火山岩储层分布规律的认识大致可划分为“参照沉积岩研究方法阶段”和“火山地层学理论阶段”,火山岩储层主控因素主要表现为地层堆积单元控制储层品质、构造作用和风化作用是催化剂、深部流体溶蚀是增孔关键、地层超压和弱胶结是火山碎屑岩保孔必要条件.多种因素叠加促进多层连通规模性复合储集体的形成.火山岩油气藏可以分为构造、构造−岩性、岩性油气藏3种主要类型.火山机构识别与有利岩相预测技术、火山岩储层成因研究技术和有利储层预测技术为火山岩勘探目标锁定提供了强力支撑.Volcanic oil and gas reservoirs in the deep part of basins are important exploration targets and have received worldwide attention.The exploration results show that there are high daily production wells of all lithologies,and rhyolite wells have the highest daily production.China has grown into the main body of global volcanic exploration in terms of reserves.The breakthrough of volcanic exploration requires decades of exploration and research accumulation,and the exploration findings show a spiral rise.The reserves of Circum-Pacific tectonic domain,Tethys tectonic domain and Central Asian orogenic belt are 44%,33%and 16%,respectively;and other areas accounted for 7%.The proved reserves of volcanic rocks in Mesozoic,Cenozoic and Paleozoic strata are 43%,38%and 19%,respectively.In terms of reserves,the proportion of lava,volcaniclastic lava and pyroclastic rock is 61%,31%and 8%,respectively,and the proportion of reserves in basalt,rhyolite and trachyte reservoirs is 41%,13%and 6%,respectively.The understanding of volcanic rock reservoir distribution can be roughly divided into the stage of reference to sedimentary rock research methods and the stage of volcanostratigraphy theory.The main controlling factors of volcanic rock reservoir are as follows:Deposition unit controls reservoir quality,tectonic process and weathering are catalysts for secondary porosity formation,deep fluid dissolution is the key to increasing pores,and formation overpressure and weak cementation are the key to preserving pores in volcaniclastic rocks.The superposition of many factors promotes the formation of multi-layer connected large-scale composite reservoir.Volcanic reservoirs can be divided into three main types:structural reservoirs,structural lithological reservoirs,and lithological reservoirs.The techniques of identifying volcanic edifices and predicting favorable lithofacies,the study of reservoir genesis as well as reservoir prediction technology provide strong support for the target locating of volcanic exploration.

关 键 词：火山岩储量 火山岩储层成因 火山岩成藏模式 火山岩油气藏 火山机构 勘探技术 石油地质 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]