南海多波束测量中水深数据异常的精细处理与成因分析  

Fine Processing and Analysis of Multibeam Bathymetric Data Outlier from Surveying and Mapping in the South China Sea

作　　者：陈星铨 朱俊江 朱庆龙 焦钰涵 丁小笑 刘政渊 丁咚 贾永刚 李三忠[1,2] 刘永江 Chen Xingquan;Zhu Junjiang;Zhu Qinglong;Jiao Yuhan;Ding Xiaoxiao;Liu Zhengyuan;Ding Dong;Jia Yonggang;Li Sanzhong;Liu Yongjiang(Institute for Advanced Ocean Study and College of Marine Geosciences,Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System,MOE Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering(MEGE),Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋高等研究院和海洋地球科学学院,深海圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心,海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [2]青岛海洋科技中心海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]中国海洋大学山东省海洋环境地质工程重点实验室,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《地球科学》2025年第2期535-550,共16页Earth Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.42276058,41831280);崂山实验室科技创新项目(No.LSKJ202204402);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(Nos.202172002,202172003);泰山学者(Nos.ts20190918,tstp20221112);青岛市领军人才资助项目(No.19-3-2-19-zhc);中国海洋大学人才工程项目(No.201812016).

摘　　要：高分辨率的海底多波束地形数据广泛应用于海洋测绘、深海调查、海底勘探等海洋研究和资源开发领域.多波束系统海上测量时受海况的复杂性以及海洋噪声等因素的干扰,严重影响了数据的质量,消除数据中的各种异常能够还原真实的海底地形,对研究海底精细地貌及解释具有重要意义.依托“东方红3”号科考船搭载的EM122多波束系统,近年来在南海北部采集了大范围的深水多波束数据,通过对数据的精细处理和分析,在水深数据中发现并识别了5种典型的异常.根据异常在地形图中的几何形态和异常点在二维测深点云数据中的离散特征,本研究解释和命名为地形褶皱弯曲异常、点状异常、线状异常、放射状异常、空白区异常5类.对5类异常使用不同的滤波方式能够很好的消除异常数据,使用条带滤波或子区滤波处理线状异常、使用子区滤波处理点状异常和放射状异常、通过折射编辑器校正处理地形褶皱弯曲异常、使用插值法处理空白区异常.对采集的多波束数据经过交互式滤波处理,很好地消除了多波束测量中存在的异常数据,为进一步对海底地形地貌的解释和分析提供了强有力的支撑.High-resolution seabed multibeam bathymetric data is widely used in marine research and resource exploration,as marine surveying and seafloor mapping and exploration.The multibeam echo-sounder system is disturbed by the complexity of sea condition,ocean noise and other factors,which seriously affect the data quality.Removing various anomalies in the multibeam bathymetric data can recover the real seabed topography and it will be greatly useful for study and interpretation of the fine submarine geomorphological features.Based on the EM122 multibeam echo-sounder system who hull-mounded at the vessel“Dongfanghong 3”,the high-resolution bathymetric data have been acquired in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea in recent years.We identify and find five types of bathymetric outlier data by fine process and analysis of the bathymetric data in this study.Based on the geometric forms of the anomaly in the topographic map and the discrete characteristics of the anomaly points in the two-dimensional bathymetric point cloud data,we interpret and name the topography fold anomaly,the point anomaly,the linear anomaly,the radial anomaly and the blank anomaly,respectively.Using different filtering methods,the five types of bathymetric outlier data in the multibeam bathymetric data are well removed and processed.The linear anomaly is processed well by swath filtering or subset filtering,the point anomaly and the radial anomaly are removed by the common subset filtering.The topography fold anomaly is corrected by the refraction editor and the blank area anomaly is resolved by interpolation method.By the manually filtering to the acquired bathymetric data,the outlier data are well removed and corrected.These postprocessed bathymetric data are able to greatly support the further interpretation and analysis of seafloor geomorphological features.

关 键 词：深水多波束系统 水深数据异常 多波束数据处理 条带滤波 子区滤波 南海 海洋地质 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]