中亚造山带南缘中段的北山杂岩:历史、现状与问题  

Beishan Complex in the Middle Section of Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt:History,Progress and Problems

作　　者：王振义 张进[1] 吴春娇 张北航[1] 赵衡[1] Wang Zhenyi;Zhang Jin;Wu Chunjiao;Zhang Beihang;Zhao Heng(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;Hohhot General Survey of Natural Resources Center,China Geological Survey,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037 [2]中国地质调查局呼和浩特自然资源综合调查中心,呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《地球科学》2025年第2期639-666,共28页Earth Science

基　　金：中国地质科学院基本科研业务费专项(No.JKYZD202309);中国地质调查局项目(No.DD20230217,DD20221649);国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.U2344215,41972224,42102272)。

摘　　要：前寒武纪地质体是大地构造单元划分的重要依据,同时也为理解早期超大陆聚合离散和演化提供了重要信息,对其形成时代、分布范围、物质组成等的认识影响着对造山带结构、形成演化和造山样式的看法,具有重要的研究价值.然而,由于构造改造置换,造成部分显生宙地质体与前寒武纪地质体难以区分,加之不同时段研究程度、测试手段不同,使得一些区域上的前寒武纪地质体分类命名、分布范围、大地构造属性等几经变革,影响着对造山带结构和形成演化的深入认识.以中亚造山带南缘中段北山杂岩为研究对象,探讨前寒武纪地质体划分对造山带结构和形成演化的影响.北山杂岩长期被当作北山造山带中微陆块的前寒武纪基底,近些年关于其分布范围、形成时代和大地构造属性取得了新的重要进展.本文在综述北山杂岩划分沿革的基础上,总结了前人关于北山南北两带的基底岩石划分对比等方面的看法,以及与相邻构造单元前寒武纪地质体的划分对比,并概括了关于北山杂岩基底属性方面的认识.通过中亚造山带南缘中段各微陆块的岩石组合、前寒武纪碎屑锆石谱峰特征、构造−热事件序列和锆石Hf同位素特征等方面综合对比,初步认为这些微陆块可能经历了相似的前寒武纪演化历史.结合前人资料,提出其源于Columbia超大陆裂解,并参与了Rodinia超大陆聚合最终裂解几个微陆块的演化过程.鉴于具有前寒武纪基底属性地质体的重要性以及由不断变化的内涵和分布范围引起的分歧,建议进一步加强中亚造山带南缘中段北山造山带前寒武纪地质体的识别和划分沿革工作以及区域地质图编图工作.The Precambrian geological bodies in the orogenic belts are important for the division of tectonic units and also provide important information for understanding the amalgamation and fragmentation of early supercontinents.The understanding of their formation ages,distribution ranges,material compositions,etc.affects the view on the tectonics,evolution,and orogenic models of the different orogenic belts.It is the basis of many scientific issues and has important research values.However,due to structural deformation and replacement,it is difficult to differentiate some Phanerozoic and Precambrian geological bodies in ancient orogenic belts around the world.In addition,different research levels and testing methods in different periods have led to several changes in the classifications,nomenclatures,distribution ranges,and geotectonic attributes of some Precambrian geological bodies,affecting the understanding of the topics above.This study focuses on the Beishan Complex in the middle segment of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)to discuss the influence of the complicated and arbitrary classifications,divisions,and distribution of a Precambrian geological body on the tectonics and evolution of the orogenic belt.The Beishan Complex has long been regarded as the Precambrian basement of the microcontinents in the Beishan Orogenic Blet(BOB)in the middle section of the southern CAOB.In recent years,numerous advances have been made in its distribution ranges,ages,and basement affinities,which affect the tectonics and evolution of the BOB.This study reviews the classification history of the Beishan Complex,summarizes the previous views on the differences in the basement rocks between the southern and northern zones of the BOB,compares the Beishan Complex of the BOB with the Precambrian geological bodies of northern Alxa and the Central Tianshan blocks,and elaborates the understanding of the basement attribution of the tectonic units to which the Beishan Complex belongs.Based on the comprehensive comparison of ro

关 键 词：北山杂岩 北山造山带 基底归属 前寒武纪 超大陆 中亚造山带 构造地质 

分 类 号：P56[天文地球—构造地质学]