高能溃决洪水侵蚀机理与地貌效应研究进展  

Progress in Erosion Mechanism and Geomorphological Effects of High⁃Energy Outburst Floods

作　　者：杨泽文 吴兵兵 刘维明[1,2] 杨安娜 李雪梅 王昊[1] 阮合春[1,3] 周燕莲 Yang Zewen;Wu Bingbing;Liu Weiming;Yang Anna;Wang Hao;Ruan Hechun;Zhou Yanlian(CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),Chengdu 610213,China;China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences,Chengdu 610213,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China;PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Ltd,Hangzhou 311122,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室,四川成都610213 [2]中国-巴基斯坦地球科学研究中心,四川成都610213 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司,浙江杭州311122

出　　处：《地球科学》2025年第2期718-736,共19页Earth Science

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(No.2019QZKK0903);国家自然科学基金川藏铁路重大基础科学问题专项(No.41941017);国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.42071017);中国科学院海外评审专家项目(No.E1R2140140).

摘　　要：高能溃决洪水作为一种高量级、低频率的极端地表事件,其所具有的强烈侵蚀和重塑能力极大影响着地表形貌的演化.近年来,有关高能溃决洪水的研究逐渐增多,然而相关的侵蚀机制与地貌效应仍缺乏系统性认识.通过系统梳理国内外高能溃决洪水侵蚀研究中的相关进展,总结了高能溃决洪水形成的大、中、小3种侵蚀地貌及相关特征,分析了包括拔蚀、空蚀、涡蚀和磨蚀四种高能溃决洪水侵蚀模式与发生条件,进一步归纳了高能溃决洪水典型侵蚀效应.最后结合国内外研究热点,从多方法揭示高能溃决洪水侵蚀机理与驱动因素、侵蚀运移作用下的“工具效应”与“覆盖效应”、高能溃决洪水与颗粒破碎的功能关系及侵蚀和构造抬升的耦合作用等方面对未来高能溃决洪水侵蚀研究进行了展望.旨在深入理解高能溃决洪水的发生规律及其侵蚀过程,加深对此类灾难性极端地表事件与地貌演化之间关系的认识.As an extreme surface event of high magnitude and low frequency,high-energy outburst flood has strong erosion and remodeling ability,which greatly affects the evolution of surface topography.In recent years,studies on high-energy outburst floods have gradually increased,however,the related erosion mechanisms and geomorphic effects still lack systematic understanding.We sorted out systematically of the relevant progresses of high-energy outburst floods at domestic and abroad,summarized three forms of erosion landforms and their features formed by high-energy outburst floods:large,medium and small,analyzed the erosion patterns and occurrence conditions of four types of high-energy outburst floods,including plucking,cavitation,eddy erosion and abrasion,and further integrated the typical erosion effects of outburst floods.Lastly,the study is combined with domestic and international research interests to reveal the mechanism and driving factors of flood erosion in terms of multi-methods,the“tool effect”and“cover effect”under the erosion and transport,the power and energy relationship between high-energy outburst flood and particle comminution,and the coupling effect of erosion and tectonic uplift.The aim is to provide an in-depth understanding of the occurrence patterns of high-energy outburst floods and their erosion processes,and to deepen the understanding of the links between such catastrophic extreme surface events and the evolution of the landscape.

关 键 词：溃决洪水地貌 侵蚀机制 侵蚀模式与类型 侧向侵蚀 地貌演化 地貌学 

分 类 号：P931.1[天文地球—自然地理学]