吐鲁番盆地地下水动态变化及其与地面沉降关系研究  

Study on Groundwater Dynamics and Its Relationship with Land Subsidence in Turpan Basin

作　　者：丁启振 周金龙[1,2,3] 张红忠 黄静[1,3] 孙英 白凡[1,2,3] 涂治 李军 Ding Qizhen;Zhou Jinlong;Zhang Hongzhong;Huang Jing;Sun Ying;Bai Fan;Tu Zhi;Li Jun(College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Safety and Water Disaster Prevention,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水文水资源工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《地球科学》2025年第2期737-751,共15页Earth Science

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项“第三次新疆综合科学考察”项目“吐哈盆地水资源调查和承载力评估”(No 2021xjkk1000).

摘　　要：地面沉降的发生、发展已成为一种全球性的地质灾害.基于多年地下水位、水质和地面沉降监测数据,综合运用GIS技术、逻辑斯谛曲线模型、线性趋势分析和灰色关联分析等方法,从空间水平向−垂向−点的角度探究地下水位动态与地面沉降的关系,最后讨论了地面沉降对地下水水质的影响.研究区地下水动态类型包括开采型、水文−灌溉型和灌溉型,2019—2022年地下水位整体呈快速下降和缓慢下降趋势,年均速率范围为−0.97~−0.25 m·a^(−1).截至2021年,南盆地高昌区东南方向大型地面沉降漏斗中心地面沉降量与沉降速率分别为−366 mm和−140 mm·a^(−1).承压水位降落漏斗与地面沉降漏斗耦合度良好,深层承压水位与地面沉降量呈显著正相关(r=1.00),且在逻辑斯谛曲线模型中近似呈线性关系.深层承压水监测井的地面沉降量与地下水SO42−含量显著正相关(r=0.95).长期过度开采深层承压水用于农业灌溉,导致黏土压缩固结出现地面沉降漏斗,同时可能释放出部分SO42−进入深层承压含水层.The occurrence and development of land subsidence has become a global geological disaster.Based on the monitoring data of groundwater level,groundwater quality and land subsidence for years,the relationship between groundwater level dynamics and land subsidence was explored from the perspective of spatial horizontal-vertical-point by using GIS technology,Logistic curve model,linear trend analysis and grey correlation analysis.Finally,the influence of land subsidence on groundwater quality was discussed.The groundwater dynamic types in the study area included exploitation type,hydrologic-irrigation type and irrigation type,and the groundwater level showed a rapid and slow decline trend from 2019 to 2022,the average annual rate ranges from−0.97 m·a^(−1)to−0.25 m·a^(−1).By 2021,the amount and rate of land subsidence in the center of large land subsidence cone in the southeast direction of Gaochang district in the South Turpan Basin were−366 mm and−140 mm·a^(−1),respectively.There was a good coupling between the confined groundwater level depression cone and land subsidence cone,and there was a significant positive correlation between the deep confined groundwater level and the land subsidence(r=1.00),and the relationship was approximately linear in the Logical curve model.There was a significant positive correlation between the land subsidence and SO42−content in groundwater(r=0.95).Long-term over-exploitation of deep confined groundwater for agriculture irrigation results in compaction and consolidation of clay resulting in the land subsidence cone,and part of the released SO42−may enter deep confined aquifers.

关 键 词：地下水位动态 地下水水质动态 地面沉降 逻辑斯谛曲线 吐鲁番盆地 水文地质 

分 类 号：P641.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]