中老年糖尿病患者血压、血糖和血脂达标的现状及其影响因素  

Current Status and Influencing Factors of Blood Pressure,Blood Glucose and Blood Lipid Control Rates in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

作　　者：舒璟茜 薛清萍 曹恒浩 刘鑫 陈朝琼 Shu Jingxi;Xue Qingping;Cao Henghao;Liu Xin;Chen Zhaoqiong(School of Public Health,Chengdu Medical college,Chengdu 610500,China)

机构地区：[1]成都医学院公共卫生学院,成都610500

出　　处：《成都医学院学报》2025年第2期344-348,共5页Journal of Chengdu Medical College

摘　　要：目的探讨中老年糖尿病患者血压、血糖和血脂达标的现状,并分析其影响因素。方法选取2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)项目中1802例中老年糖尿病患者为研究对象,分析患者的年龄、性别、体重指数(BMI)等基线资料,比较不同特征患者全部指标(血糖、血压和血脂)的达标率;采用Logistic回归分析影响中老年糖尿病患者全部指标达标的影响因素。结果纳入人群中,仅有20.30%的糖尿病患者全部指标均达到目标;BMI较高、教育水平较低、血脂异常、有高血压史、使用降糖药物的人群全部指标达标率较低;而女性和无心血管疾病史的人群全部指标达标率较高。Logistic回归分析显示,BMI、教育水平、血脂异常史、高血压史及降糖药物使用史是影响中老年糖尿病患者全部指标达标率的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论中老年糖尿病患者的血糖、血压和血脂全部达标率较低,尤其是BMI较高、教育水平较低及有基础疾病的患者,临床应重点关注这类高危人群,加强健康教育和行为干预,提高患者的综合管理水平。Objective The aim of this study is to explore the current status of control rates of blood pressure,blood glucose and blood lipids in the middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes mellitus(DM),and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods The survey data of 1,802 DM patients were collected from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS).The baseline data such as age,gender,and body mass index(BMI)were analyzed.And the control rates of all indicators(blood glucose,blood pressure and blood lipids)in patients with different characteristics were compared.Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the influencing factors of comprehensive control rates of all three indicators in the middle-aged and elderly DM patients.Results Only 20.30%of patients in the included population achieved control of all three indicators.Those with higher BMI,lower educational level,history of dyslipidemia or hypertension,and use of antihyperglycemic medications demonstrated lower rates of targets attainment,while those who were female and those without a history of cardiovascular disease(CVD)showed higher rates of targets attainment.Logistic regression analysis identified BMI,educational level,history of dyslipidemia,history of hypertension,and medication use as the main factors affecting the rates of targets attainment(P<0.05).Conclusion The comprehensive control rates of blood glucose,blood pressure and blood lipids remain suboptimal among middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients in China.This is particularly evident in high-risk subgroups characterized by elevated BMI,limited educational attainment,and pre-existing comorbidities.These populations require prioritized attention in clinical practice,with intensified health education and behavioral interventions to improve integrated disease management.

关 键 词：糖尿病 血糖 血压 血脂 

分 类 号：R587.1[医药卫生—内分泌]