母凭子“贵”?子女随迁与流动女性收入不平等  

Wage Penalties of Chinese Female Migrant Workers with Children

作　　者：成佳俐 孙中伟 CHENG Jiali;SUN Zhongwei(South China Normal University,School of Politics and Public Administration,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学政治与公共管理学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《人口与发展》2025年第2期74-84,共11页Population and Development

基　　金：2023年度国家社科基金一般项目“新科技革命时代产业工人相对贫困的形成机制与多维治理研究”(23BSH008)。

摘　　要：举家迁移是流动人口主要的迁移模式,而子女随迁对流动女性就业和收入产生了重要的影响。研究运用2018年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查(CMDS)数据,构建“户籍歧视”和“母职惩罚”双重研究视角,考察户籍制度、子女随迁对流动女性工资收入的影响。为了解决子女随迁与女性收入互为因果这一内生性问题,采用工具变量法。研究发现,子女随迁显著降低了流动女性的收入水平,且农业户籍女性所受影响更大。原因是户籍歧视和子女照料劳动导致流动女性就业呈现灵活化和“去制造业化”特征,农村女性就业脆弱性凸显。异质性分析结果表明,随迁子女越多,学龄子女随迁和跨省流动的女性遭受的收入损失更大。隔代照料能够有效抑制女性的收入下降。Family migration is a major pattern among the floating population,and children migrating with parents significantly affects the employment and income of migrant women.Using data from the 2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS),this paper explores the impacts of the household registration system(hukou)and children migrating with parents on the wages of migrant women from dual perspectives of“hukou discrimination”and the“motherhood penalty.”To address the endogeneity issue,in which children migrating with parents and women′s income may be mutually causal,the study employs the instrumental variable method.The findings reveal that children migrating with parents significantly reduces the income of migrant women,particularly those with agricultural household registrations.This reduction is attributed to the combined effects of hukou discrimination and the labor required for childcare,leading to flexible employment and“deindustrialization”among migrant women,with rural women′s employment vulnerability being particularly pronounced.Heterogeneity analysis shows that the more children accompany their mothers in migration,the greater the income loss for women,especially for women migrating across provinces or those with school-aged children.Grandparental caregiving can effectively mitigate the decline in women′s income.

关 键 词：子女随迁 流动女性 户籍制度 收入差异 

分 类 号：C913.9[经济管理]