人口老龄化对城乡收入差距的影响——基于新型城镇化与人力资本投资视角  

The Impact of Population Aging on Urban-Rural Income Gap--Based on the Perspective of New Urbanisation and Human Capital Investment

作　　者：唐乐 强微 孙世玉 TANG Le;QIANG Wei;SUN Shiyu(School of Labor Economics,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China;Exchange Development&Service Center for Science&Technology Talents,Beijing 100045,China)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学劳动经济学院,北京100070 [2]科学技术部科技人才交流开发服务中心,北京100045

出　　处：《人口与发展》2025年第2期85-93,共9页Population and Development

基　　金：北京市属高等学校优秀青年人才培育计划项目“居家办公对个体工作和家庭的‘双刃剑’效应研究”(BPHR 202203170);中国人民大学习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究工程成果(22XNQ010)。

摘　　要：在人口老龄化趋势日益严峻与实现共同富裕目标并进的背景下,研究利用2010—2022年省级面板数据,使用双向固定效应模型进行实证检验。研究结果表明:(1)人口老龄化对城乡收入差距具有显著正向影响,且这一结论是稳健的;(2)通过增加人力资本投资水平与加快新型城镇化可以有效缓解人口老龄化对城乡收入差距的拉大作用;(3)人口老龄化对城乡消费差距具有显著正向影响。基于上述结论,研究认为应继续加大教育投入,提升教育质量;促进城乡资源流动与共享,加强农村基建与产业协作,实现城乡融合与协同发展;完善社保体系降低农民生活成本,增加可支配收入,提升农村经济水平与消费选择。研究对推动城乡融合发展和共同富裕目标实现等方面具有重要作用。Against the backdrop of the increasingly severe trend of population aging and the simultaneous achievement of the goal of common prosperity,this article uses provincial panel data from 2010 to 2022 and employs a two-way fixed effects model for empirical testing.The research results indicate that:(1)Population aging has a significant positive impact on the urban-rural income gap,and this conclusion is robust;(2)By increasing investment in human capital and accelerating new urbanization,the widening effect of population aging on urban-rural income gap can be effectively alleviated;(3)The aging population has a significant positive impact on the urban-rural consumption gap.Based on the above research conclusions,this article believes that we should continue to increase investment in education and improve the quality of education.Promote urban-rural resource flow and sharing,enhance rural infrastructure and industrial collaboration,and achieve urban-rural integration and coordinated development.Improve the social security system to reduce the cost of living for farmers,increase disposable income,and enhance rural economic level and consumption choices.This study plays an important role in promoting the integration of urban and rural development and achieving the goal of common prosperity.

关 键 词：人口老龄化 城乡收入差距 新型城镇化 人力资本投资 城乡消费差距 

分 类 号：C913.9[经济管理]