户籍管理政策的迭代变迁及其动力机制——以上海居住证为例  

The Iterative Change of Household Registration Management Policy and its Dynamic Mechanism--Take the Shanghai Residence Permit as an Example

作　　者：刘聪 高进[2] 郭爱平 LIU Cong;GAO Jin;GUO Aiping(School of Public Administration,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Humanities and Law,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110169,China;Public Policy Research Institute,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学公共管理学院,北京100191 [2]东北大学文法学院,辽宁沈阳110169 [3]厦门大学公共政策研究院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《人口与发展》2025年第2期151-160,共10页Population and Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“国家仪式与共同体认同研究”(22BZZ028)。

摘　　要：上海户籍管理的实践经验为破解异地户籍管控和流动人口管理难题贡献了治理智慧和政策方案。以上海居住证政策为主线,解析政策间断均衡的政策变迁,厘清政策迭代变迁的历程、动力、运作机制。研究发现:上海居住证政策历经多次政策迭代实现了政策图景、政策场域、政策目标的动态调适;政策迭代变迁的动力包括政策主体多元协同、政策举措积极创新、政策施行评估反馈等内生动力,以及焦点事件与民意压力、国家政策推动、城市定位与发展需求等外在动力;试错容错、评估反馈、变革创新、渐进调适机制共同构成了政策迭代变迁的运作机制。研究在完善政策迭代理论与实践的同时,尝试建构适配中国的政策变迁间断均衡模型,以期为丰富公共政策研究提供参考。The practical experience of Shanghai′s household registration management has contributed governance wisdom and policy solutions to solve the problems of cross-regional household registration control and floating population management.Taking the residence permit policy of Shanghai as the main focus,this paper analyzes the punctuated equilibrium in policy change and clarifies the course,driving force and operation mechanism of the policy iterative changes.The findings are as follows:Shanghai′s residence permit policy has achieved dynamic adjustment of policy landscape,policy field and policy objectives after several policy iterations.The driving forces of policy iteration and change include endogenous impetus such as multiple coordination of policy subjects,positive innovation of policy measures,evaluation and feedback of policy implementation,as well as external impetus such as focus events and public opinion pressure,national policy promotion,city positioning and development needs.Trial and error fault tolerance,evaluation feedback,reform and innovation,and gradual adjustment mechanism together constitute the operation mechanism of policy iteration change.While improving the theory and practice of policy iteration,the study attempts to construct a discontinuous equilibrium model of policy change suitable for China,in order to provide references for enriching public policy research.

关 键 词：居住证 政策迭代变迁 动力机制 间断均衡 

分 类 号：C916.1[经济管理]