火法铁捕集汽车失效催化剂中铂、钯、铑的研究  

Research on the capture of Pt,Pd,and Rh in spent automotive catalysts by pyrometallurgical iron

作　　者：郭梁希 孙树臣 肖发新 涂赣峰 史锐峰 GUO Liangxi;SUN Shuchen;XIAO Faxin;TU Ganfeng;SHI Ruifeng(School of Metallurgy,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China;Key Laboratory for Recycling of Nonferrous Metal Resource(Shenyang),Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学冶金学院,沈阳110819 [2]沈阳市有色金属资源循环利用重点实验室,沈阳110819

出　　处：《贵金属》2025年第1期41-47,共7页Precious Metals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1907504)。

摘　　要：以绿色、无毒、廉价的金属铁为捕集剂,选取CaO-SiO_(2)-Mg O-Al_(2)O_(3)四元渣系,对汽车失效催化剂中钯、铂、铑进行了火法富集。采用单因素实验法研究了单质铁形态、铁氧化物种类、捕集剂加入量、熔炼时间等因素对钯、铂、铑捕集效果的影响。最佳工艺条件为:单质铁形态中优先选择铁粉、铁氧化物选择铁精矿粉,捕集剂加入量10%,还原剂碳粉用量5%,熔炼温度1550℃,熔炼保温时间90 min,通过渣相选择后加入对应配比的造渣剂,降低了渣系的熔点,避免了Fe-Si合金的生成,Pt、Pd、Rh回收率分别为Pt 98.92%、Pd 99.81%、Rh 98.21%,实现了铁对Pt、Pd、Rh的良好捕集,提出了一种高效回收铂族金属的工艺条件。Using green,non-toxic,and inexpensive metallic iron as a capture agent,CaO-SiO_(2)-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)quaternary slag system was selected to carry out pyrometallurgical enrichment of palladium,platinum,and rhodium in automotive failed catalysts.The single factor experimental method was used to study the effects of elemental iron form,type of iron oxide,amount of capture agent added,and melting time on the capture efficiency of palladium,platinum,and rhodium.The optimal process conditions are as follows:iron powder and iron oxide are preferred in the form of elemental iron,iron concentrate powder is selected,the amount of capturing agent added is 10%,the amount of reducing agent carbon powder is 5%,the melting temperature is 1500℃,and the melting insulation time is 90 min.After selecting the slag phase,the corresponding proportion of slag forming agent is added to reduce the melting point of the slag system and avoid the formation of Fe-Si alloy.The recovery rates of Pt,Pd and Rh are 98.92%,99.81%and 98.21%,respectively.Good capture of Pt,Pd,and Rh by iron has been achieved,and an efficient process condition for recovering platinum group metals has been proposed.

关 键 词：有色金属冶金 汽车失效催化剂 火法 铁捕集 

分 类 号：TF833[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]