面向小卫星平台的超短波量子探测技术  

Ultrashort-wave quantum detection technology for small satellite platform

作　　者：吕子瑶 董涛 杜艺杰[1,2,3] LYU Ziyao;DONG Tao;DU Yijie(State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology,Beijing100095,China;Space Star Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing100095,China;Beijing Institute of Satellite Information Engineering,Beijing100095,China)

机构地区：[1]天地一体化信息技术国家重点实验室,北京100095 [2]航天恒星科技有限公司,北京100095 [3]北京卫星信息工程研究所,北京100095

出　　处：《先进小卫星技术(中英文)》2025年第1期14-25,共12页Advanced Small Satellite Technology

摘　　要：针对30~100MHz的超短波信号探测,传统超短波天线的尺寸通常为10m量级,难以满足小卫星平台的安装要求.基于里德伯原子的量子探测技术通过原子和电场的相干耦合探测电磁信号.原子天线传感探头的尺寸不依赖于信号波长,且具有小型化的特点.因此,有必要开展面向小卫星平台的超短波量子探测技术研究.提出了基于里德伯原子的量子探测系统,利用双光子激发方法制备了里德伯原子,并分析了三能级里德伯电磁感应透明(electromagnetically induced transparency,EIT)效应.通过引入本振射频场,研究了里德伯原子混频器及其射频光学转换原理,实现了超短波的光学量子探测.所提量子技术的原子天线传感探头尺寸为75mm,能够在30~100MHz的频率范围内进行宽带探测,最小可探测场强达到035μV/cm.基于里德伯原子的超短波量子探测技术具有探头尺寸小(75mm)、宽频带响应(30~100MHz)的优势,整体探测系统尺寸设计为6U,能够满足小卫星平台对探测载荷小型化的需求.For 30~100 MHz ultrashort-wave signal detection,the apertures of conventional ultrashort-wave antenna are on the order of ten meters,which is difficult to meet the installation requirements of small satellite platforms.Rydberg-atom-based quantum detection technology can detect electromagnetic signals through coherent coupling of atoms and electric fields.The probe size of atomic antenna is independent of the signal wavelength and is characterized by miniaturization.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out the research on ultrashort-wave quantum detection for small satellite platforms.A quantum detection system was proposed based on Rydberg atoms that were prepared by two-photon excitation.Electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) was analyzed for the three-level Rydberg atoms.By introducing a local radio-frequency field,the Rydberg atom mixer and its radio-frequency-to-optical conversion principle were studied,enabling all-optical quantum detection of ultrashort waves.The proposed quantum technique compresses the probe size of the atomic antenna to 75 mm and realizes broadband detection in the frequency range of 30 to 100 MHz with a minimum detectable electric field strength of 0.35 μV/cm.The ultrashort-wave quantum detection technology based on the Rydberg atom has the advantages of small probe size(75 mm) and broadband response(30~100 MHz),and the size of the whole detection system is designed to be 6 U,which can meet the demand for detection payload miniaturization of small satellite platforms.

关 键 词：量子探测 小型化 超宽带 里德伯原子 超短波 

分 类 号：V11[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] O431[机械工程—光学工程]