面向应急监测的智能遥感卫星应用研究  

Application research on intelligent remote sensing satellite for emergency monitoring

作　　者：刘翔 章雷 李常亮 高伊萱 LIU Xiang;ZHANG Lei;LI Changliang;GAO Yixuan(General Department of Space Engineering,China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation Limited,,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]航天科工空间工程发展有限公司,北京100070

出　　处：《先进小卫星技术(中英文)》2025年第1期37-46,共10页Advanced Small Satellite Technology

摘　　要：目前,遥感卫星对公共安全、自然灾害事件进行应急监测时普遍存在卫星任务规划不及时、遥感数据传输滞后、处理和分析耗时等问题,使得遥感卫星在应急管理过程中发挥的作用受限.重点研究了影响遥感卫星应急监测应用实效性的薄弱环节,使用户可直接在地面终端监测任务规划和任务上注,在卫星拍摄影像时同步实现了遥感信息提取与地理定位.北斗通信系统将星上解译成果快速下传至地面,终端可自动监听、解析下传信息,并加载显示目标内容及周边环境等.搭建了仿真验证系统,涉及地面终端、星地通信装置、星务计算机、相机和星载智能处理设备的改进与联动配合.其中,智能处理设备负责对相机获取的图像数据流进行同步人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)识别,并对监测成果进行编码压缩等.系统部分功能已通过楚天星座首星的星上处理和地面接收试验验证,其时效性等指标达到了预期要求.At present,the application of remote sensing satellites for emergency monitoring of public security events and natural disasters has some problems,such as untimely planning of satellite task,lagging remote sensing data transmission,time-consuming data processing and analysis,which greatly limits the role of remote sensing satellites in the process of emergency management.The weak links that affected the emergency monitoring application effectiveness of remote sensing satellite were focused on.The task schedule and injection monitoring could be carried out directly on the ground terminal for the users,and the remote sensing information extraction and geographic positioning were realized synchronously when the satellite took images.The onboard interpretation results were quickly transmitted to the ground by Beidou communication system.The terminal could automatically monitor and analyze the transmitted information and load the process of displaying the target content and the surrounding environment.A simulation system,involving the improvement and connection of ground terminal,satellite-ground communication device,satellite service computer,camera and on-board intelligent processing equipment,was set up.The intelligent processing equipment was responsible for recognizing the image data stream obtained by the camera synchronously with artificial intelligence,as well as encoding and compressing the monitoring results,and so on.Some functions of this system were verified by the on-board processing and ground reception tests on the first launched satellite of the Chutian constellation,with the timeliness and other indicators meeting the expected requirements.

关 键 词：星载智能处理 即时遥感 应急监测 目标识别 短报文通信 

分 类 号：V557[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]