醉驾型危险驾驶罪二元处罚体系的误区澄清与规范优化  

Misunderstanding Clarification and Norm Optimization of the Dual Penalty System for Type of Drunk Driving of Dangerous Driving Offence

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作  者:陈增辉[1] CHEN Zeng-hui(Law School,Liaoning University,Shenyang 110036,China)

机构地区:[1]辽宁大学法学院,辽宁沈阳110036

出  处:《西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期135-146,共12页Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences

基  金:国家社会科学基金项目“刑事案件事实认定中的经验法则研究”(19BFX091);辽宁省社会科学基金项目“刑事诉讼中无罪化裁量机制研究”(L19BFX001)。

摘  要:危险驾驶罪作为典型的轻罪罪名,适用于刑事处罚和行政处罚并行的二元处罚模式,这并不违反一事不再罚和过罚相当的基本原则。虽然基于罪刑法定原则的限制,该罪的“出罪出刑”和“定罪免刑”效果难以实现,但这并不影响缓刑制度的价值发挥,并且就该罪名所承担的刑罚而言并不严厉,实践考察的数据统计正是对此的有力佐证。犯罪附随后果作为刑罚手段的有效补充,有其存在的现实性和必要性,但这对本就属于轻罪范畴的危险驾驶罪而言过于严苛。在轻罪罪名不断扩张和大力推行宽严相济刑事政策的双重背景之下,为了维持刑罚轻缓化和刑罚威慑力的相对平衡,应当在认可醉驾入刑有其现实性、必要性和正当性的基础之上,通过适度修法提高入罪门槛,畅通危险驾驶罪的“出罪”“出刑”渠道,并且夯实行刑反向的衔接机制,构建轻罪的前科封存、消灭和恢复制度,从而适应轻罪时代的犯罪治理要求。As a typical misdemeanor crime,the dual penalty pattern of criminal penalty and administrative penalty is applied to the crime of dangerous driving,which does not violate the basic principle of non-repeated penalty and equivalence of fault and punishment.Due to the restriction of the principle of conviction and penalty according to law,it is difficult to realize the effect of“no crime and exemption from punishment”and“conviction and exemption from punishment”for dangerous driving crime,but this does not affect the value of the probation system.Moreover,the penalty for this crime is not strict,and the data statistics of practical investigation are the strong evidence for this.As an effective supplement to the means of criminal punishment,incidental consequences of crime has its reality and necessity,but it is too strict for the crime of dangerous driving which belongs to the category of misdemeanors.Under the double background of the expansion of misdemeanors and the vigorous implementation of the criminal policy of combining leniency with severity,in order to maintain the relative balance between the penalty mitigation and penalty deterrence,we should raise the threshold of criminalization through appropriate amendment to the law and smooth the channels of“non crime and exemption from punishment”of dangerous driving crime on the basis of recognizing the reality,necessity and legitimacy of drunk driving punishment,we should also consolidate the convergence mechanism of the reverse execution,construct the system of sealing,eliminating and restoring the criminal record of misdemeanors,so as to meet the requirements of crime governance in the era of minor crimes.

关 键 词:醉驾 危险驾驶罪 过罚相当 刑罚轻缓化 犯罪附随后果 

分 类 号:D924[政治法律—刑法学]

 

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