敏感性皮肤的发病机制及治疗进展  

Research advances in the pathomechanisms and treatment of sensitive skin

作　　者：NOH Youngji 曹婷 叶城斌 邹颖 NOH Youngji;CAO Ting;YE Chengbin;ZOU Ying(Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji Medical University,Shanghai 200443,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学附属皮肤病医院,上海200443

出　　处：《皮肤性病诊疗学杂志》2025年第2期140-148,共9页Journal of Diagnosis and Therapy on Dermato-venereology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82473526);上海市科委医学创新研究专项项目(21Y11905200);上海市卫生健康委员会卫生行业临床研究专项(20224Y0374)。

摘　　要：敏感性皮肤(SS)的发病机制复杂,包括皮肤的屏障功能受损、皮肤表面微生态失衡、皮肤的感觉神经系统及血管的反应异常、免疫和炎症反应异常等。在治疗策略上,研究主要聚焦于以下几方面修复皮肤屏障:使用含有神经酰胺、透明质酸等成分的保湿剂,减少水分流失并增强屏障功能;降低感觉神经的高反应性,借助TRPV1/TRPV4拮抗剂和抗炎成分降低神经活跃度,缓解不适症状;通过益生菌制剂等调节菌群失衡来缓解皮肤炎症。需要同时针对多个层面系统治疗。本文综述近年来SS发病机制的研究进展,分析各因素之间的相互作用,并为未来研究及临床干预提供科学依据。Sensitive skin(SS)is a complex condition with multifactorial pathogenesis,including impairment of the skin barrier function,dysbiosis of the skin microbiome,abnormal cutaneous nervous and vascular response,and dysregulated immune and inflammatory responses.Current treatment strategies primarily focus on restoring the skin barrier using moisturizers containing ceramides,hyaluronic acid,and other ingredients to reduce transepidermal water loss and enhance barrier function.Moreover,utilities of TRPV1/TRPV4 antagonists and anti-inflammatory agents can reduce hypersensitivity of sensory nerves,resulting in decrease in neural activity and alleviation of discomfort.In addition,probiotics can modulate microbiota imbalance,leading to amelioration of cutaneous inflammation.Thus,sensitive skin requires comprehensive treatment that can address multiple pathways simultaneously.This review aims to summarize recent advances in the pathogenesis of SS,and analyze the interactions among various pathogenic contributors,providing a scientific basis for future research and clinical interventions.

关 键 词：敏感性皮肤 发病机制 皮肤屏障 皮肤微生物 治疗 

分 类 号：R758.2[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]