微米级铝粉产氢动力学试验及微观形貌变化规律研究  

Experimental Study on Hydrogen Production Kinetics and Microscopic Morphology Change of Micron-sized Aluminum Powder

作　　者：王鑫阳 崔铁军 王子健 WANG Xinyang;CUI Tiejun;WANG Zijian(College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang 110159,China;Research Institute of Safety and Emergency Industry Technology,Shenyang Ligong University,Shenyang 110159,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳理工大学环境与化学工程学院,沈阳110159 [2]沈阳理工大学安全与应急产业技术研究院,沈阳110159

出　　处：《有色金属(中英文)》2025年第3期368-375,共8页Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52004120);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2020M670784);沈阳理工大学引进高层次人才科研支持计划资助。

摘　　要：Al粉遇湿导致热失控,短时间放出氢气和大量热,反应剧烈且具有爆炸危险性。采用排水集气法研究不同等温条件下μAl-H_(2)O反应动力学特性;采用SEM和XRD技术揭示反应过程中μAl颗粒表面微观形貌、产物生成及产物层包裹下内部Al核心随反应温度及反应时间的动态变化规律。结果表明,μAl-H_(2)O反应分为三个阶段即:诱导阶段、热失控阶段和反应衰减阶段。与水接触后,Al_(2)O_(3)表面生成排列密集的AlOOH核,且缓慢聚集呈无定形凝胶状;热失控阶段,产氢速率曲线呈现双峰特性,表面产物层变为毛绒状蓬松多孔结构,厚度不断增加,随机交叠排列在颗粒表面,μAl-H_(2)O由外向内逐渐反应,铝核向内收缩;反应衰减阶段,生成的Al(OH)_(3)覆盖在AlOOH外表面形成不规则分层结构。原始Al样品衍射峰峰形尖锐,结晶度良好;反应开始后Al峰高逐渐降低,AlOOH和Al(OH)_(3)衍射峰出现且逐渐增高;反应结束时Al未完全消耗,与AlOOH和Al(OH)_(3)共存于产物中。Al powder will cause thermal runaway when exposed to moisture,releasing hydrogen gas and a large amount of heat in a short time.The reaction is violent and explosive.In this paper,the drainage gas collection method was used to study the kinetic characteristics ofμAl-H_(2)O reaction under different isothermal conditions;SEM and XRD techniques were used to reveal the dynamic changes of the surface micromorphology ofμAl particles,the formation of reaction products,and the dynamic evolution of the internal Al core wrapped by the product layer as functions of temperature and reaction time.The research results show that theμAl-H_(2)O reaction is divided into three stages:induction stage,thermal runaway stage and reaction decay stage.When the Al particle contacts water,densely arranged AlOOH nuclei are generated on the surface of Al_(2)O_(3),and then slowly aggregate to show an amorphous gel state;in the thermal runaway stage,the hydrogen production rate curve shows a bimodal characteristic,and the surface product layer exhibits a fluffy and porous structure.After that,the thickness of the sheet structure increases and randomly overlaps on the surface of the particles.μAl-H_(2)O gradually reacts from the outside to the inside,the aluminum core shrinks inward;in the reaction decay stage,the generated Al(OH)_(3) covers the outer surface of AlOOH to form an irregular layered structure.The original Al sample exhibits a sharp diffraction peak and good crystallinity;after the reaction starts,the Al peak height gradually decreases,and the AlOOH and Al(OH)_(3) diffraction peaks appear and gradually increase;at the end of the reaction,Al is not completely consumed and coexists with AlOOH and Al(OH)_(3) in the product.

关 键 词：铝水反应 动力学特性 微观形貌 热失控 

分 类 号：TQ116.2[化学工程—无机化工] TD853[矿业工程—金属矿开采]