基于健康风险评价的溃坝区土壤重金属污染损害评估  

Soil Heavy Metal Pollution Damage Assessment in Dam Break Areas Based on Health Risk Assessment

作　　者：洪慧 张强 汪洋 陆青 陈岷轩 赵昭 HONG Hui;ZHANG Qiang;WANG Yang;LU Qing;CHEN Minxuan;ZHAO Zhao(School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 201900,China;Eco-environmental Damage Judicial Expertise Center,Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment and Environmental Health Risk Prevention and Control,Wuhan 430072,China;Sichuan Academy of Environmental Policy and Planning,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学环境与化学工程学院,上海201900 [2]湖北省生态环境科学研究院生态环境损害司法鉴定中心,武汉430072 [3]污染损害评估与环境健康风险防控湖北省重点实验室,武汉430072 [4]四川省环境政策研究与规划院,成都610000

出　　处：《有色金属(中英文)》2025年第3期514-524,共11页Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：湖北省2024年度A类省级标准化试点项目;湖北省环保科研项目(2021HB-ZC11)。

摘　　要：为探明尾矿库溃坝事故造成的土壤重金属污染问题,通过在研究区布点分别采集A层(0~20 cm)、B层(50~60 cm)的土壤样品,测定土壤中Cu、Pb、As、Cd、Cr、Ni、Zn、Hg的含量;依据土壤重金属污染健康风险评估模型对研究区土壤重金属污染开展人体健康风险评估,判定污染土壤修复的必要性;从侵权赔偿和环境安全的角度,采用ArcGIS中的反距离插值法,分析土壤重金属修复指标、目标与范围。结果表明:暴露于研究区的土壤重金属主要对儿童产生致癌和非致癌健康风险,对成人产生致癌健康风险,并且儿童的综合致癌风险值大于成人,该区健康风险的主要影响因子为Ni、Cr、As和Cd,亟需开展土壤重金属修复工作。侵权责任人应将A层土壤中Ni、Cr分别修复至40、18 mg/kg,修复面积分别为12085.34、6774.29 m^(2);B层土壤中Ni、Cr、Cd分别修复至29、17、0.42 mg/kg,修复面积分别为13908.24、9066.88、3273.01 m^(2)。To investigate the issues of soil heavy metal pollution caused by tailings dam break accident,soil samples of layers A(0-20 cm)and B(50-60 cm)were collected in the study area for determining the content of Cu,Pb,As,Cd,Cr,Ni,Zn and Hg in the soil.A human health risk assessment of soil heavy metal pollution was carried out to determine the necessity of remediation of the contaminated soil based on the health risk assessment model of soil heavy metal pollution.The inverse distance interpolation method in ArcGIS was used to analyze the indicators,target and scope of soil heavy metal remediation from the perspectives of tort compensation and environmental security.The results show that the heavy metals in soil exposed within the study area mainly posed carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks to children,as well as carcinogenic health risks to adults.And,the comprehensive carcinogenic risk value of children was higher than that of adults.The main impact factors of health risk in this area were Ni,Cr,As and Cd,thus,it was urgent to remediate heavy metals in the soil.The person responsible for infringement should repair the Ni and Cr in layer A soil to 40 mg/kg and 18 mg/kg,respectively,over restoration areas of 12085.34 m^(2) and 6774.29 m^(2),respectively;and the concentrations of Cd,Ni and Cr in layer B soil to 0.42 mg/kg,29 mg/kg and 17 mg/kg,respectively,over restoration areas of 13908.24 m^(2),9066.88 m^(2),and 3273.01 m^(2),respectively.

关 键 词：土壤 重金属 环境损害 健康风险 修复 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X53