分体式海底地震仪及其在北冰洋加克洋中脊的试验  

The seismometer-detached ocean bottom seismograph and its experiments in the Gakkel Ridge,Arctic Ocean

作　　者：虞嘉辉 牛雄伟 金子迪 牛领辉 阮爱国 丁巍伟 朱小毅 刘张聚 刘博文 庄灿涛 李家彪 Yu Jiahui;Niu Xiongwei;Jin Zidi;Niu Linghui;Ruan Aiguo;Ding Weiwei;Zhu Xiaoyi;Liu Zhangju;Liu Bowen;Zhuang Cantao;Li Jiabiao(Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China;Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China;Beijing Gangzhen Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing 102628,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第二海洋研究所,杭州310012 [2]自然资源部海底科学重点实验室,杭州310012 [3]北京港震科技股份有限公司,北京102628

出　　处：《地震学报》2025年第2期284-296,共13页Acta Seismologica Sinica

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(JG2204);浙江省自然科学基金(LZ23D060004);国家自然科学基金(42276064)共同资助。

摘　　要：中国第十二次北极科学考察在密集浮冰覆盖的北冰洋加克洋中脊完成了国际首次大规模主动源海底地震仪探测,成功回收了43台海底地震仪中的42台,其中5台分体式海底地震仪均成功回收。本文介绍了针对该航次中面临的海底地震仪回收定位难题研发的一款新型分体式海底地震仪,其主要特点为:(1)集成超短基线信标和声学应答系统,实现双重定位保障;(2)使用分体式结构增强地震计与海底的耦合,有效提高信噪比;(3)选用国产地震计和浮力材料,实现核心部件国产化。分体式海底地震仪在北冰洋加克洋中脊的试验结果显示:地震背景噪声能量低,且记录的远震波形、两个近源微地震波形和三分量主动源地震记录均具有清晰可见的震相信息,表明该分体式海底地震仪能够满足冰下海底勘探需求。The ocean bottom seismograph(OBS)is an indispensable instrument for investigating the deep crust-mantle structure.China’s 12th Arctic scientific expedition marked a significant milestone in marine seismic exploration by achieving the first large-scale active exploration along the challenging Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean,where ice coverage poses formidable obstacles.Impressively,the expedition successfully recovered 42 out of 43 deployed OBSs,with all five seismometer-detached OBSs retrieved intact.This paper introduces a seismometerdetached OBS specifically developed to overcome the unique challenges encountered during the expedition,particularly in terms of OBS recovery and positioning.Its main features include:1)The newly developed seismometer-detached OBS integrates cutting-edge technology to enhance its functionality and performance under harsh Arctic conditions.One of its key innovations is the combination of ultra-short baseline beacons and advanced acoustic response short baseline array positioning systems,which improves positioning accuracy through dual positioning technology.The positioning accuracy error of the short baseline array is within±100 m,and the mature Sonardyne ultra-short baseline array loaded on the Xuelong-2 polar scientific research icebreaker can achieve a positioning accuracy up to one thousandth of the water depth.The use of such a dual positioning system can ensure accurate positioning of the instrument even in areas with dense ice layers.This ground-breaking design significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of OBS recovery operations,enabling researchers to locate and recover instruments with unprecedented reliability and precision.2)Referencing the current status of seismometer-detached OBSs both domestically and internationally,a titanium alloy seismic instrument chamber with a buoyancy of 17 kg in water has been designed.This chamber is incorporated into the seismic instrument separation structure,independently installed inside the OBS hull via flexible cables.Upon

关 键 词：分体式海底地震仪 北冰洋加克洋中脊 地震波形 人工地震探测 

分 类 号：P315.62[天文地球—地震学]