大学新生抑郁、焦虑及抑郁焦虑共病症状影响因素的调查  

Investigation on influencing factors of depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen

作　　者：马瑞遥 于鑫洋 王悦 崔嘉桐 邵子倞 赵胤良 许腾 闫泽晖 翟玲玲 MA Ruiyao;YU Xinyang;WANG Yue;CUI Jiatong;SHAO Zijing;ZHAO Yinliang;XU Teng;YAN Zehui;ZHAI Lingling(The First Clinical College,China Medical University,Shenyang 110002,China;Department of Maternal,Child and Adolescent Health,School of Public Health)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学第一临床学院,辽宁沈阳110002 [2]公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学教研室

出　　处：《沈阳医学院学报》2025年第2期129-134,共6页Journal of Shenyang Medical College

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.81872640);中国医科大学创新训练项目(No.X202210159138)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨大学新生抑郁、焦虑及抑郁焦虑共病症状的流行情况及影响因素,为促进大学新生心理健康提供理论依据。方法:2022年1至2月采用线上问卷调查方法,最终收取483名在校大学新生的线上问卷,其中男生184人,女生299人。采用抑郁-焦虑-压力自评量表、青少年手机使用依赖自评量表和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表进行线上调查,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析大学新生抑郁、焦虑及两者共病的影响因素。结果:本次调查大学新生手机依赖、睡眠障碍、抑郁、焦虑、抑郁焦虑共病症状总检出率分别为26.1%、12.8%、26.3%、32.1%和23.6%。男生抑郁、焦虑以及抑郁焦虑共病症状的检出率显著高于女生(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,自认为心理不健康、手机依赖和睡眠障碍是抑郁、焦虑和抑郁焦虑共病症状发生的危险因素;大学生活满意度低是抑郁发生的危险因素;医学专业是焦虑和抑郁焦虑共病症状发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:男生抑郁、焦虑及抑郁焦虑共病检出率高于女生;大学生活满意度低、自认为心理不健康、学习压力大、手机依赖、医学专业及睡眠障碍可能是大学新生出现抑郁、焦虑及抑郁焦虑共病症状的危险因素。Objective:To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen,providing a theoretical basis for promoting their mental health.Methods:From Jan to Feb 2022,an online questionnaire survey was conducted,involving 483 online questionnaires from college freshmen(184 males,299 females).The depression-anxiety-stress self-rating scale,smartphone dependence self-rating scale for adolescents,and Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)were used for online surveys.The influencing factors of depression,anxiety,and their comorbidity among college freshmen were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.Results:The detection rates of smartphone dependence,sleep disorders,depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen were 26.1%,12.8%,26.3%,32.1%,and 23.6%,respectively.The detection rates of depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms in male students were significantly higher than those in female students(P<0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that self-perceived poor mental health,smartphone dependence and sleep disorders were risk factors for depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms.Low satisfaction with college life was a risk factor for depression.Medical specialty was a risk factor for anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms(P<0.05).Conclusions:Male college freshmen show higher rates of depression,anxiety,and their comorbidity.Low satisfaction with college life,self-perceived poor mental health,high academic pressure,smartphone dependence,medical specialty,and sleep disorders may be risk factors for depression,anxiety and comorbid depression-anxiety symptoms among college freshmen.

关 键 词：大学新生 抑郁 焦虑 手机依赖 睡眠障碍 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]