基于GIS和熵值法的半干旱矿区生态敏感性评价  

Ecological sensitivity assessment of semi-arid mining areas based on GIS and entropy method

作　　者：杜华栋[1,2] 孙浩 毕银丽 车旭曦 王伟 宁本燕 DU Huadong;SUN Hao;BI Yinli;CHE Xuxi;WANG Wei;NING Benyan(College of Geology&Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China;Western Mine Ecological Environment Rehabilitation Research Institute,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China;Xianyang City Environmental Monitoring Station,Xianyang,Shaanxi 712021,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西省西安市710054 [2]西安科技大学西部矿山生态环境修复研究院,陕西省西安市710054 [3]咸阳市环境监测站,陕西省咸阳市712021

出　　处：《中国煤炭》2025年第2期199-208,共10页China Coal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“西部干旱区煤能源基地区域生态保护与资源综合利用技术”(2022YFF1303303);陕西省自然科学基研研究计划(JC-YBMS-234);西安科技大学博士启动金(8150124007)。

摘　　要：为探究榆神府矿区不同地貌条件下生态环境对人为干扰的敏感性,基于GIS技术结合植被覆盖度、土地利用类型、景观破碎度和土壤侵蚀4个景观指标,对榆神府矿区单因子生态敏感性进行评价,并结合4个景观生态因子利用全排列多边形指标法综合评价矿区生态敏感性。研究表明,榆神府矿区东北部和南部地区生态敏感性高于中部,黄土丘陵区整体高于风沙区;高度敏感区和极敏感区主要呈片状和带状分布,处于煤炭重点开采和经济活动的地带,该区应加快绿色开采技术推广,推进生态修复工程实施;中度敏感区分布于研究区中部及西南部区域,该区需积极调整产业结构,优化土地资源利用率;矿区轻度敏感和不敏感区主要位于中部风沙区,面积占比为29%,该区需因地制宜,进一步提升植被覆盖度,促进矿区的可持续发展。To investigate the sensitivity of ecological environment to human disturbance under different geomorphological conditions in the Yushenfu mining area,a single-factor ecological sensitivity evaluation was conducted based on GIS technology,incorporating four landscape indicators:vegetation coverage,land use type,landscape fragmentation,and soil erosion.Subsequently,the ecological sensitivity of the mining area was comprehensively assessed using the full permutation polygon synthetic indicator method,integrating these four landscape ecological factors.The results indicate that the ecological sensitivity of the northeastern and southern regions of the Yushenfu mining area is higher than that of the central region,and the ecological sensitivity of the loess hilly area is higher than that of the sandy area.The highly sensitive and extremely sensitive zones are predominantly distributed in patches and belts,which are located in the areas of key coal mining and economic activities.The regions should prioritize the adoption of green mining technologies and accelerate the implementation of ecological restoration projects;the moderately sensitive areas are located in the central and southwestern regions of the study area.The area needs to actively adjust the industrial structure and optimize the utilization rate of land resources.The mildly sensitive and insensitive areas in the mining area are mainly located in the central sandy area,accounting for 29%.These regions should adopt localized strategies to further enhance vegetation coverage and promote sustainable development of the mining area.

关 键 词：植被覆盖度 土壤侵蚀强度 景观破碎度 景观生态敏感性 榆神府矿区 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]