基于生焦粉的多孔炭电极材料制备及其超级电容器性能研究  

Preparation of nano-carbon electrode material based on raw coke powder and its supercapacitor performance

作　　者：朱万兵 郭金梅 张海玲 文锡量 程俊霞[1] 朱亚明[1] ZHU Wanbing;GUO Jinmei;ZHANG Hailing;WEN Xiliang;CHENG Junxia;ZHU Yaming(Chemical Engineering College,University of Science and Technology Liaoning,Anshan Liaoning 114051,China;Qingdao Tourism Planning&Architecture Designing Institute Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao Shandong 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁科技大学化学工程学院,辽宁鞍山114051 [2]青岛市旅游规划建筑设计研究院有限公司,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2025年第3期27-37,共11页Industrial Minerals & Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22208138);辽宁省科技厅项目(2021-BS-245,2021-MS-306);辽宁省高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(重油改性);辽宁科技大学优秀人才培养项目(2021YQ06);辽宁科技大学大学生创新创业项目(2024-144)。

摘　　要：超级电容器因其高效的储能特性而备受关注,电极材料是其核心部件。多孔炭材料具有高比表面积、适宜的孔隙结构、易获取且成本低廉等优点,是常见的电极选择。本文以生焦粉为原料,采用KCl和KOH协同耦合制备多孔炭电极材料,考察了终温800℃下不同恒温时间对多孔炭电极材料电化学性能的影响;用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、比表面积分析仪(BET)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段表征材料结构,通过恒流充放电、循环伏安曲线、交流阻抗等方法测试材料的电化学性能。结果表明:恒温时间为3 h时,制备的多孔炭电极材料具有最高的比表面积,达1454.19 m^(2)/g;在三电极条件下,电极材料的内阻仅为0.62Ω,一定的介孔分布为电解液的传输提供了更顺畅的通道,确保了较短的弛豫时间(4.17 s);当电流密度为10 A/g时,电极材料的质量比电容高达212.0 F/g,容量保持率为80.0%。组装对称超级电容器后测试其性能,结果表明:在电流密度为0.5 A/g时,质量比电容最大为61.8 F/g;在功率密度为249.96 W/kg时,能量密度达8.6 Wh/kg;经过5000次充放电循环后,库仑效率几乎无变化。Supercapacitors have attracted much attention due to their efficient energy storage characteristics,and electrode materials are the core components.Porous carbon materials have the advantages of high specific surface area,suitable pore structure,easy access and low cost,and are common electrode choices.In this paper,porous carbon electrode materials were prepared by synergistic coupling of KCl and KOH with raw coke powder as raw material.The effects of different constant temperature time on the electrochemical properties of porous carbon electrode materials at the final temperature of 800℃were investigated.The structure of the materials was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectroscopy(Raman),specific surface area analyzer(BET)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and other methods.The electrochemical properties of the materials were tested by constant current charge and discharge,cyclic voltammetry,AC impedance and other methods.The results show that when the constant temperature time is 3 h,the prepared porous carbon electrode material has the highest specific surface area,reaching 1454.19 m^(2)/g.Under the condition of three electrodes,the internal resistance of the electrode material is only 0.62Ω,and a certain mesoporous distribution provides a smoother channel for the transmission of the electrolyte,ensuring a smaller relaxation time(4.17 s);when the current density is 10 A/g,the mass to capacitance ratio of the electrode material is still as high as 212.0 F/g,and the capacity retention rate is 80.0%.The symmetrical supercapacitor was assembled and its performance was tested.The results show that the maximum mass specific capacitance is 61.8 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g.When the power density is 249.96 W/kg,the energy density is 8.6 Wh/kg.After 5000 charge-discharge cycles,the coulombic efficiency is almost unchanged.

关 键 词：超级电容器 生焦粉 电极材料 协同效应 质量比电容 弛豫时间 倍率性能 

分 类 号：TQ127.1[化学工程—无机化工] TM53[电气工程—电器]