磷石膏无害化处理技术及其在土壤调理中的应用研究进展  

Research progress on harmless treatment technology of phosphogypsum and its application in soil conditioning

作　　者：杨雪娇 钟晋 刘磊 李世华 YANG Xuejiao;ZHONG Jin;LIU Lei;LI Shihua(Yunnan Yuntianhua Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming Yunnan 650300,China)

机构地区：[1]云南云天化环保科技有限公司,云南昆明650300

出　　处：《化工矿物与加工》2025年第3期57-64,共8页Industrial Minerals & Processing

摘　　要：磷石膏是湿法磷酸工艺中产生的固体废弃物,其无害化处理处置是保障磷化工行业可持续发展的关键环节。磷石膏中含有磷酸盐、游离无机酸、有机物、氟化物等杂质,须经无害化处理后方可应用于农业领域。本文总结了磷石膏无害化处理技术,包括物理方法、化学方法、生物方法及以目标污染物为导向的处理方法,无害化处理的原理是去除磷石膏中的有害组分,或改变磷石膏内部结构特性,从而间接降低磷石膏中的有害物质含量。综述了经无害化处理后的磷石膏用于制备中量元素肥料、土壤改良剂、缓释肥料剂以及土壤微生物助剂的研究现状;建议未来针对磷石膏原料成分波动大的特点开展技术攻关,以提高产品的稳定性,此外应力争在磷石膏制缓释肥工艺方面取得新突破,以提升磷石膏高值化利用水平。Phosphogypsum is a solid waste produced in the wet-process phosphoric acid process,its harmless treatment and disposal is the key link to ensure the sustainable development of phosphorus chemical industry.Phosphogypsum contains phosphate,free inorganic acid,organic matter,fluoride and other impurities,which must be harmlessly treated before it can be applied to the agricultural field.This paper summarizes the harmless treatment technology of phosphogypsum,including physical method,chemical method,biological method and target pollutant oriented treatment method.The principle of harmless treatment is to remove the harmful components in phosphogypsum,or change the internal structure characteristics of phosphogypsum,so as to indirectly reduce the content of harmful substances in phosphogypsum.The research status of harmlessly treated phosphogypsum for the preparation of medium-element fertilizers,soil amendments,slow-release fertilizers and soil microbial additives was reviewed.It is recommended to carry out technological research and development in the future to address the large fluctuations in the composition of phos-phogypsum raw materials,in order to improve product stability.In addition,efforts should be made to achieve new breakthroughs in the process of producing slow-release fertilizers from phosphogypsum,in order to enhance the level of high-value utilization of phosphogypsum.

关 键 词：磷石膏 土壤改良 无害化处理 缓释肥 微生物助剂 有害杂质 

分 类 号：TQ177.375[化学工程—硅酸盐工业]