基于有限元法的露天矿排土场高陡边坡稳定性分析与治理——以式可布台铁矿为例  

Stability analysis and treatment of high and steep slope of open pit dump based on finite element method——Using the Shikebutai iron mine as an example

作　　者：杨健 张号 沈宝存 段育强 YANG Jian;ZHANG Hao;SHEN Baocun;DUAN Yuqiang(Hubei Bureau of Coal Geology,Wuhan 430000,Hubei,China;Hubei Coal Geological Exploration Institute,Wuhan 430000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北煤炭地质局,湖北武汉430000 [2]湖北煤炭地质勘查院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《矿产勘查》2024年第S2期313-323,共11页Mineral Exploration

摘　　要：露天矿排土场边坡的稳定性对露天矿山安全生产与运行起着至关重要的作用,其稳定性对矿山连续生产具有重要意义。本文在对露天矿排土场现状各帮边坡进行了系统深入的研究基础上,基于极限平衡法对排土场边坡进行稳定性分析,主要以边坡几何形态、地质信息、气象水文信息、现场监测等信息为主要研究指标,针对式可布台铁矿的排土场现状边坡选取4个典型剖面,建立边坡工程地质模型,进行排土场边坡稳定性分析与评价。研究表明,排土场P2023-1、P2023-2、P2023-3工程剖面现状边坡均大于边坡工程设计安全系数,为稳定边坡;P2023-4现状边坡稳定性系数接近安全系数的临界值,存在滑坡风险。模型结果与现场边坡稳定性状态吻合度较好,验证了模型的有效性。该模型可以充分考虑多重信息对边坡稳定性分析的贡献,从而更全面准确分析边坡稳定性,最终将导致边坡失稳的因素归结为两大类:一是外界力的作用破坏了岩土体原始的应力平衡状态,二是边坡岩土体的抗剪强度由于受外界各种因素的影响而降低,促使边坡失稳破坏,研究结果可为矿方对边坡稳定性研究和边坡治理工程提供指导。The stability of the slopes in open-pit mine waste dumps plays a crucial role in the safe production operation of open-pit mines,with its stability holding significant importance for the continuous production within the mine.This article conducts a systematic and in-depth study of the current slopes of waste dumps in open-pit mines,utilizing the limit equilibrium method to analyze the stability of these slopes.The main research indica-tors include the geometric shape of the slopes,geological information,meteorological and hydrological data,as well as on-site monitoring.Taking the waste dump slopes of the Shikebutai Iron Mine as a case study,four typical cross-sections are selected for analysis.An engineering geological model of the slopes is established to conduct stability analysis and evaluation of the waste dump slopes.The study reveals that the current slopes of the P2023-1,P2023-2,and P2023-3 sections all exhibit safety factors greater than the design safety factor,indicating stable slopes.However,the stability factor of the current slope of P2023-4 is close to the critical value of the safety fac-tor,suggesting a risk of landslide.The model results align well with the actual stability status of the slopes,confirming the effectiveness of the model.This model,which considers multiple sources of information in the analysis of slope stability,provides a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of slope stability.Finally,the factors leading to slope instability can be classified into two categories:first,the effect of external forces destroys the original stress balance state of the rock and soil body;second,the shear strength of the rock and soil body of the slope is reduced due to the influence of various external factors,which leads to the instability and failure of the slope.It offers guidance to mining companies in their research on slope stability and in slope management projects.

关 键 词：露天矿边坡 稳定性分析 极限平衡法 多因素分析 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学]