废弃矿山治理方法探讨——以林西县关沟超贫磁铁矿为例  

Discussion about how to deal with the abandoned ultra-lean magnetite mine in Guangou of Linxi County

作　　者：于雷 邓巧巧 江涛 YU Lei;DENG Qiaoqiao;JIANG Tao(Geologic Party No.243,CNNC,Chifeng 024000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]核工业二四三大队,内蒙古赤峰024000

出　　处：《矿产勘查》2024年第S2期677-686,共10页Mineral Exploration

摘　　要：林西县关沟超贫磁铁矿于2005年开始开采,2009年停止开采,开采矿种为强风化花岗岩中的超贫磁铁矿,平均品位一般在8%左右,低品位矿石的大量开采,导致区内形成57处露天采场,41处废砂堆,5处水选尾矿砂,破坏总面积达9.5km^(2)。露天采矿形成的高陡边坡存在崩塌灾害隐患;露天采场、废砂堆及水选尾矿砂等破坏单元严重影响周围地形地貌景观、占用土地资源;随处堆放的水选尾矿砂为沙尘暴提供物源。为了消除区内的矿山地质环境问题,需要对其进行综合治理。研究区内现有表土约为69.32万m^(3),按照满足植被恢复的最低要求覆土需要土源142.5万m3,约为所需表土的一半,所以区内治理土源紧张,部分区域需考虑无覆土工程的治理方法。为了达到合理的资金投入及经济效益,研究区需在土源合理分配、经济投入合理、技术可行、效果显著的前提下,探讨出合适的治理方案。Guangou of Linxi County started to exploit ultra lean magnetite in 2005 and ended in 2009.They mined the ultra-lean magnetite from weathered granite,and the average grade was 8 percent.A large number of low-grade minerals were exploited,which left 57 open-pit stopes,41 waste sand piles and 5 water separation tail-ings,and totally 9.5 km^(2) was damaged.The high and steep slope in the open-pit stope formed by mining has hid-den danger of collapse.The open-pit stopes,waste sand piles and water separation tailings had a severe impact on the surrounding landform and landscape and occupied the land resources.The water separation tailings which was piled up everywhere became the source of sandstorm.For the purpose of improving the mine geological environ-ment,it’s needed to govern the area in a comprehensive way.The surface soil in the research area was nearly 693200 m3,which was a half of the required amount because at least 1425000 m^(3) soil was needed to make the vegetation recover.Therefore,the soil was not sufficient and some areas needed to consider the no soil covering project to govern.In order to take reasonable capital investment and achieve economic benefits,it is necessary to save construction costs as much as possible.The research area should have an appropriate governance solution as well as promise a reasonable allocation of soil source,reasonable economic investment,feasible technology and significant effect.

关 键 词：林西县关沟 超贫磁铁矿 废弃矿山 露天采场 治理方法 探讨 

分 类 号：TD167[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]