曲面结构碳纤维复合材料冲击性能研究  

Study on the impact performance of carbon fiber composites with curved structure

作　　者：金良杰 吴薇[1] 范文州 JIN Liangjie;WU Wei;FAN Wenzhou(College of Light Industry and Textiles,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010080,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学轻工与纺织学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010080

出　　处：《内蒙古工业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期102-109,共8页Journal of Inner Mongolia University of Technology:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：全国大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310128007)。

摘　　要：固体火箭发动机的复合壳体是由树脂基碳纤维复合材料缠绕而成的,然而壳体头部区域由于弯曲应力和应力集中较高,经常发生低压脆性损伤。在液压爆破试验期间,纵向纤维断裂是这个薄弱区域常见的损伤形式。为了加固这个薄弱区域,利用普通材料制作了一个150 mm半径的固体火箭发动机壳头加固件作为研究对象,探讨由平纹和双轴向织物制备的曲面复合材料对低速冲击的力学响应,使用真空辅助成型工艺制备了曲面复合层板用以评估两种结构织物、不同曲率和不同能量对低速冲击的力学响应。结果表明,在15 J的冲击能量下,双轴向结构织物的平均损伤面积是平纹结构织物的54.6%,背面裂纹长度为平纹结构织物的43.8%,凹坑深度为平纹结构织物的82.5%。双轴向结构织物具有更小的整体形态损伤和更好的抗冲击性能。此外,对于不同曲率的双轴向结构织物,在相同能量冲击作用下,整体损伤随曲率逐渐增加而减小,曲率结构可以在一定程度上抑制冲击损伤,然而,随着冲击能量的增加,在双轴结构织物范围内会造成更多的损伤,甚至产生穿透损伤。The composite shells of solid rocket motors are wound by resin-based carbon fiber composites,but low-pressure brittle damage often occurs in the head area of the shell due to high bending stress and stress concentration.Longitudinal fiber fracture is a common form of damage in this weak area during hydraulic burst testing.In order to reinforce this weak area,a 150 mm radius solid rocket motor shell head reinforcement made with plain material was used as a specimen.The study aimed to investigate the mechanical response of curved composite material prepared from plain and biaxially oriented fabrics to low-velocity impact.Curved composite laminates were prepared using a vacuum-assisted molding process to assess the mechanical response of two structural fabrics,different curvatures,and different energies to low-velocity impacts.The results indicate that under an impact energy of 15 J,the average damage area of biaxial structure fabric is 54.6%of that of plain structure fabric.The back crack length is 43.8%,and the crater depth is 82.5%of that of plain structure fabric.Biaxial structure fabric has less overall morphological damage and better impact resistance than plain structure fabric.Moreover,for biaxial structure fabric with different curvatures,overall damage decreases when curvature gradually increases under the action of the same energy impact.The curvature structure can inhibit impact damage to a certain extent.However,as impact energy increases,more damage is caused within the biaxial structure fabric range,even producing penetration damage.

关 键 词：曲面复合材料 碳纤维 头部加固件 低速冲击 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]