化肥减施对大蒜经济性状及烤烟-大蒜轮作土壤养分的影响  

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction on the economic traits of garlic and soil nutrients in flue-cured tobacco-garlic rotation

作　　者：李军营[1] 周敏[2] 周绍松[2] 邓小鹏[1] 邹炳礼[2] 张忠武[2] 张宏[3] 张留臣[3] 孙军伟[4] 单双吕 杨景华[2] LI Jun-ying;ZHOU Min;ZHOU Shao-song;DENG Xiao-peng;ZOU Bing-li;ZHANG Zhong-wu;ZHANG Hong;ZHANG Liu-chen;SUN Jun-wei;SHAN Shuang-lyu;YANG Jing-hua(Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650021,China;Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Yunnan Tobacco Company,Kunming 650011,China;Dali Branch,Yunnan Tobacco Company,Dali 671000,Yunnan,China;Honghe Branch,Yunnan Tobacco Company,Honghe 652399,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省烟草农业科学研究院,昆明650021 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [3]云南省烟草公司,昆明650011 [4]云南省烟草公司大理州公司,云南大理671000 [5]云南省烟草公司红河州公司,云南红河652399

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2025年第2期58-63,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省烟草公司重大专项“云南核心烟区种植制度优化及应用”(2022530000241030)。

摘　　要：为了找出不影响大蒜(Allium sativum L.)产量、对烤烟品质影响较小且环境友好的大蒜最适施肥量,在蒜农习惯施肥量基础上分别减施20%、40%和60%,采用田间小区试验,研究不同施肥量对大蒜经济性状及烤烟-大蒜轮作土壤养分的影响。结果表明,蒜薹经济性状以施肥量减施60%最优,鳞茎经济性状以施肥量减施40%最优,大蒜总产值以施肥量减施40%最优。考虑到氮、磷的面源污染风险,施肥量减施60%的氮、磷损失量和损失率均显著降低(P<0.05),但大蒜鳞茎产量和总产值降低不显著(P>0.05),是最优的大蒜施肥处理。由于在大蒜与烤烟轮作下氮肥运筹的矛盾无法解决,因此大蒜不适宜作为烤烟的前茬作物。In order to identify the optimal fertilization amount for garlic(Allium sativum L.)that does not affect garlic yield,has a small impact on tobacco quality,and is environmentally friendly,a field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization rates on the economic traits of garlic and soil nutrients in flue-cured tobacco-garlic rotation,with a reduction of 20%,40%and 60%on the basis of garlic farmers’habitual fertilization rates.The results showed that the economic traits of garlic bolt were the best when the fertilizer application rate was reduced by 60%,the economic traits of bulb were the best when the fertilizer applica⁃tion rate was reduced by 40%,and the total output value of garlic was the best when the fertilizer application rate was reduced by 40%.Considering the risk of non-point source pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus,the loss amount and loss rate of nitrogen and phospho⁃rus were significantly reduced under the treatment of 60%reduction of fertilizer application(P<0.05),but the yield and total output value of garlic bulbs were not significantly reduced under this treatment(P<0.05),which was the optimal garlic fertilization treatment.Because the contradiction in nitrogen fertilizer management under garlic and flue-cured tobacco rotation could not be resolved,garlic was not suitable as a pre-crop for flue-cured tobacco.

关 键 词：大蒜(Allium sativum L.) 化肥减施 经济性状 烤烟 轮作 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S633.4[农业科学—蔬菜学] S147.214[农业科学—园艺学] S151.95