中国人工智能立法的促进型立场及规范厘定  

The Promotion-Oriented Stance and Regulatory Delineation of China’s Artificial Intelligence Legislation

作　　者：周翔 洪涛 ZHOU Xiang;HONG Tao

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院,杭州310008

出　　处：《求是学刊》2025年第2期110-122,共13页Seeking Truth

摘　　要：当前,私权保护、国家安全及产业发展是人工智能监管立法需要权衡的三大基本价值,不同权重对比下将会形成差异化的监管立场。综观国际实践,现有自愿型监管、严格型监管和回应型监管均有一定缺陷。立足于人工智能的不确定性、中国的产业发展与制度环境以及国际合作和竞争需求,我国的《人工智能法》应采用促进型立场——在价值立场上要提高产业发展的比重,实施包容性治理的策略。不同于回应型监管,促进型立场从监管主体、监管对象及监管手段三方面对《人工智能法》提出新的遵循。促进型立场的《人工智能法》宜定位为领域法,从数据与算法两个维度进行权利规定,并围绕追责主体、责任主体、追责原则、责任减免四方面厘定损害归责。The emergence of DeepSeek does not diminish the importance of legislative regulation.On the con-trary,international competition in artificial intelligence(AI)has already extended to governance rules.Private rights protection,national security,and industrial development constitute the three fundamental values requiring careful balance in AI regulatory legislation,with different weight allocations leading to divergent regulatory stances.Examining international practices,existing voluntary,strict,and responsive regulation all exhibit limi-tations.For instance,responsive regulation can only achieve fragmented governance over specific AI applica-tions through incremental measures.Based on the uncertainty of AI,China’s industrial development and insti-tutional environment,as well as the needs of international cooperation and competition,the AI Law should adopt a promotion-oriented stance-prioritizing industrial development through inclusive governance within its value framework.Distinct from responsive regulation,such promotion-oriented stance establishes new compliance requirements for AI Law through dimensions of regulatory subjects,regulatory targets,and regulatory instruments.Under this promotion-oriented stance,the AI Law should be positioned as domain-specific legis-lation.It should establish rights provisions along two dimensions of data and algorithms while clarifying dam-age liability determination through four aspects of accountability subjects,liability bearers,accountability principles,and liability mitigation mechanisms.

关 键 词：人工智能立法 回应型监管 促进型立场 领域法 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]