虚拟治理成本法在生态环境损害数额认定中的应用  

Application of virtual governance cost method in determining the amount of ecological environmental damage

作　　者：黄昊 李佩霖 HUANG Hao;LI Peilin(Institute of Evidence Law and Forensic Science,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学证据科学研究院,北京100088

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2025年第3期127-133,共7页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(No.21A2D062)。

摘　　要：虚拟治理成本法按照现行的治理技术和水平,计算治理排放到环境中的污染物所需要的支出,是生态环境损害价值的评估方法之一。虚拟治理成本法是一种综合源头治理、价值评估的计算方式,其适用范围有限,适用顺位较低,仅能用于计算永久性损害的数额。司法实践中,由于虚拟治理成本法的便捷性和波动性,各方对于应用虚拟治理成本法认定生态环境损害数额产生了一些不当依赖,忽视了虚拟治理成本法的条件限制与对应关系,由此导致生态环境损害数额认定相对不准确,影响当事人权益。对此,应当落实虚拟治理成本法的应用条件限制,明确虚拟治理成本法与生态环境损害责任类型之间的关系,并通过完善审判过程中的技术辅助,增强诉讼主体对科学证据的认知能力,以规范生态环境损害数额认定中虚拟治理成本法的应用。The virtual treatment cost method refers to the expenditure required to treat the pollutants discharged into the environment according to the current treatment technology and level,and is one of the environmental value assessment methods to assess the ecological environment damage.The virtual governance cost method is a calculation method of source governance and value evaluation,which is limited in scope and low in order of application,and can only be used to calculate the amount of permanent damage.In judicial practice,due to the convenience and volatility of the virtual governance cost method,the parties had a preference to apply the virtual governance cost method to determine the amount of ecological environment damage,and ignored the conditional restrictions and corresponding relationships of the virtual governance cost method,resulting in the relatively inaccurate identification of the amount of ecological environment damage,affecting the rights and interests of the parties.In this regard,the application conditions of the virtual governance cost method should be implemented,the relationship between the virtual governance cost method and the liability type of ecological environmental damage should be clarified,and the cognitive ability of the litigant to scientific evidence should be enhanced by improving the technical assistance in the trial process,so as to standardize the application of the virtual governance cost method in the determination of the amount of ecological environmental damage.

关 键 词：环境价值评估方法 环境损害责任 虚拟治理成本法 技术辅助 科学证据 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]