南昌市城市荒野地自生植物群落结构特征  

A study on urban wilderness native plant community structure and diversity in Nanchang City

作　　者：蔡娟娟 杨坪赫 谢茗怡 郭子怡 刘青[1] CAI Juanjuan;YANG Pinghe;XIE Mingyi;GUO Ziyi;LIU Qing(School of Landscape Architecture and Art,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学园林与艺术学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2025年第1期21-28,共8页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160401)。

摘　　要：【目的】城市化导致了城市区域生物多样性的丧失,荒野作为一种应对生物多样性丧失的策略和措施受到全球广泛关注和研究。自生植物是荒野生物多样性恢复的关键物种,但其在城市环境中差异化立地条件和空间区位下的自生植物群落结构特征研究尚有不足。【方法】采用网格取样调查法,对南昌市主城区荒野地自生植物的物种构成及群落特征进行调查统计分析,研究选取8个样地,乔木层全样地调查,灌木层24个样方,草本层120个样方。【结果】(1)南昌市主城区荒地内共统计到108种自生植物,分属52个科93个属,草本植物在物种及数量上占主导地位,木本植物远低于草本植物。(2)城市荒地内自生植物由少数植物种类主导,优势物种主要为本土植物,同时包含部分外来入侵物种。(3)城市荒地内植物群落的主要结构类型为灌-草结构,其中乔-草结构所占比例最低。不同结构植物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与Simpson指数呈现出正相关关系。此外,与乔木层和灌木层相比,草本层表现出更高的Simpson指数、Shannon-Weinner指数和丰富度指数值。【结论】物种的分布特性呈现出明显的空间差异性,城区的物种多样性更低,近郊远郊的物种多样性更高,所有自生植物群落多样性都与城乡梯度显示出一定程度的正相关,草本自生植物与城乡梯度的相关性更为显著。[Objective]Urbanization has led to the loss of biodiversity in urban areas,and wilderness has received extensive attention,research and promotion as a strategy and measures to cope with biodiversity loss.Autophytes are the key species for the restoration of wilderness biodiversity,but there is still a lack of researches on the community structure characteristics of autophytes under different site conditions and spatial locations in urban environments.[Method]The grid sampling survey method was used to investigate the species composition and community characteristics of autophytes in the wilderness of the main urban area of Nanchang City,and 8 sample plots were selected,including 24 quadrats in the shrub layer and 120 quadrats in the herbaceous layer.[Result]The results showed that:(1)A total of 108 species of autophytes belonging to 52 families and 93 genera were counted in the wasteland of the main urban area of Nanchang City,and herbaceous plants dominated the species and quantity,while woody plants were much lower than herbaceous plants.(2)The native plants in the urban wasteland were dominated by a few plant species,and the dominant species were mainly native plants,including some invasive alien species.(3)The main structure type of plant community in urban wasteland was shrub-grass structure,and tree-grass structure accounted for the lowest proportion.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of different plant communities was positively correlated with that of the Simpson index.In addition,compared with the tree and shrub layers,the herbaceous layer showed higher Simpson index,Shannon-Weinner index and richness index values.[Conclusion]The distribution characteristics of species showed obvious spatial differences,the species diversity in urban areas was lower,and the species diversity in the suburbs was higher,and the diversity of all autophyte communities showed a certain degree of positive correlation with the urban-rural gradient,and the correlation between herbaceous autophytes and the urban-rural gradient was

关 键 词：城市荒野 自生植物 群落结构 南昌市 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]