九连山常绿阔叶林物种多样性特征及其对雪灾的响应  

Characteristics of species diversity in the evergreen broad-leaved forest in Jiulian Mountain and its response to snow disasters

作　　者：宋育英 黄钦秀 李子林 王佳骏 张彤 胡禄洁 卜文圣 张参参 SONG Yuying;HUANG Qinxiu;LI Ziin;WANG Jiajun;ZHANG Tong;HU Lujie;BU Wensheng;ZHANG Cancan(Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve Administration Bureau,Longnan,Jiangxi 341706,China;School of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Conservation and Restoration in the Poyang Lake Basin,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Nanchang 330045,China;National Forest Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station of Jiulianshan,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西九连山国家级自然保护区管理局,江西龙南341706 [2]江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌330045 [3]国家林业与草原局鄱阳湖流域森林生态系统保护与修复重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [4]江西九连山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2025年第1期29-38,共10页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32360382)。

摘　　要：【目的】2008年我国南方罕见雪灾对森林造成了严重危害,研究旨在揭示九连山常绿阔叶林群落结构与物种组成变化,为森林生态恢复与保护提供科学依据。【方法】以2008年和2022年江西省九连山国家级自然保护区的一块4 hm~2典型常绿阔叶林样地调查数据为基础,将胸径≥1 cm的植株按树高划分为灌木层、亚冠层和林冠层,研究比较森林群落垂直结构和动态变化对物种多样性的影响。【结果】2008年37个主要树种重要值之和达到75%,2022年为73.5%,较2008年降低1.5%,各主要树种总体重要值变化不大,但红钩栲降低近2%,由第1位退至第5位,米槠增加了0.75%,由第2位升至第1位,排名前十的物种中只有先锋树种拟赤杨由第8位退至第11位,而耐荫性的黄丹木姜子由第12位升至第6位,升幅最大;林层对物种多样性有显著影响,自灌木层到亚冠层,再至林冠层,物种丰富度、Shannon-wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数有减小的趋势,而Pielou均匀度指数有增加的趋势,并且2022年林冠层的物种丰富度和Shannon-wiener多样性指数显著高于2008年,而Pielou均匀度指数则小于2008年。Jaccard指数在不同森林垂直层次间随层次差异增大而降低,Cody指数则随层次差异增大而增大,同一层次不同年份的物种有一定变化。【结论】2008年重大雪灾可以对森林物种多样性造成一定影响,尤其对林冠层的伤害最大,但雪灾过后历经14年的恢复,林冠层物种多样性可逐渐增加。[Objective]In 2008,an infrequent snow disaster struck Southern China,severely damaging forests.This study focuses on investigating changes in the community structure and species composition of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in Jiulian Mountain,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for forest ecological restoration and protection.[Method]Based on survey data from a 4 hm^(2) typical evergreen broad-leaved forest plot in the Jiulianshan National Nature Reserve,Jiangxi Province,China,collected in 2008 and 2022,individuals with a diameter at breast height≥1 cm were stratified into three vertical layers:shrub layer,sub-canopy layer,and canopy layer—according to tree height.This study examined and compared the impacts of vertical community structure and temporal dynamics on species diversity.[Result]The combined importance values of 37 dominant tree species decreased slightly from 75%in 2008 to 73.5%in 2022.While the overall importance values of most dominant species remained stable,notable shifts occurred:Castanopsis tibetana declined by nearly 2%,dropping from 1st to 5th place,whereas Castanopsis carlesii increased by 0.75%,rising from 2nd to 1st.Among the top ten species,only the pioneer species Alniphyllum fortunei fell from 8th to 11th,while the shade-tolerant Litsea elongata exhibited the largest increase,ascending from 12th to 6th.Vertical stratification significantly influenced species diversity.Species richness,Shannon-Wiener index,and Simpson index decreased progressively from the shrub layer to the sub-canopy and canopy layers,whereas Pielou’s evenness index increased.By 2022,species richness and Shannon-Wiener index in the canopy layer were significantly higher than in that in 2008,while Pielou’s evenness index was lower.The Jaccard index decreased with the increase of hierarchy difference in different forest vertical layers,while the Cody index increased with the increase of hierarchy difference,and the species at the same level changed in different years.[Conclusion]The severe 2008 snowstorm

关 键 词：垂直结构 物种多样性 九连山 雪灾 群落动态 

分 类 号：Q948.112.2[生物学—植物学]