车前草穗枯病综合防控技术应用与评价  

The application and evaluation of comprehensive prevention and control technology of head blight in Plantago asiatica

作　　者：洪霖 阴长发 涂业苟[2] 漆学伟 郑岭芝 刘庆 聂小平 张寿文 徐云龙 梁玉勇[1] HONG Lin;YING Changfa;TU Yegou;QI Xuewei;ZHENG Linzhi;LIU Qing;NIE Xiaoping;ZHANG Shouwen;XU Yunong;LIANG Yuyong(Institute of Plant Protection,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China;Institute of Forest Protection,Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang 330013,China;Shuangjin Citrus Experiment Station in Jiangxi Province,Yichun,Jiangxi 331213,China;Zhangshu Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Affairs,Yichun,Jiangxi 331200,China;Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources and Ethnic Medicine,Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院植物保护研究所,江西南昌330200 [2]江西省林业科学院森林保护研究所,江西南昌330013 [3]江西省双金柑桔试验站,江西樟树331213 [4]樟树市农业农村局,江西宜春331200 [5]江西中医药大学中药资源与民族药研究中心,江西南昌330004

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2025年第1期74-81,共8页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：江西省中药材产业技术体系项目(JXARS-6)。

摘　　要：【目的】穗枯病是车前草种植过程中普遍发生的重大病害,通过田间试验探究以“种子包衣、清沟防涝、科学施肥、适时用药、施药控旺”为核心的综合防控技术对车前草穗枯病防效及产量影响。【方法】在江西省吉安市新干县三湖镇的车前草种植田块上设置综合防控区、提前预防区、发病再防区、农户自防区和空白对照区等几种不同处理,并在采收前调查各处理下,车前草穗枯病病情指数及车前草种子的产量,综合评价穗枯病发生情况、防效和产量之间的关系。【结果】车前草穗枯病在3—4月进入高发期;综合防控区穗枯病的防效和产量显著高于其它试验小区,防效依次为:综合防控区(92.87%)>提前预防区(77.82%)>发病再防区(59.70%)>农户自防区(58.02%);产量依次为:综合防控区(每百穗416.57g)>提前预防区(每百穗310.33g)>农户自防区(每百穗178.50 g)>发病再防区(每百穗159.13 g)>空白对照区(每百穗60.47 g),产量与病情指数和防治效果分别呈现显著的负相关(R^(2)=0.810 5;P<0.01)和正相关关系(R^(2)=0.988 4;P<0.01)。【结论】车前草穗枯病综合防控技术在大田应用中防治效果显著,有效保障了车前草种子的产量;并且提前预防的防治效果优于发病后再进行防治的效果。该技术可以在江西地区车前草穗枯病的防控过程中推广应用。[Objective]Head blight is a common and severely harmful disease in the cultivation of Plantago asiatica.In this study,field experiments were conducted to explore the effects of a comprehensive prevention and control technology with the core of“seed coating,ditch cleaning for waterlogging prevention,scientific fertilization,timely application of pesticides,and application of pesticides for growth control”on the control efficacy of spike blight of P.asiatica and its yield.[Method]Different treatments were set up,including a comprehensive control plot,a prevention plot,a post-infection prevention plot,a self-defense plot for farmers,and a blank control plot in Sanhu Town,Xingan County,Ji'an City,Jiangxi Province.Before the harvest of P.asiatica,the disease index of head blight and the P.asiatica seeds yield were surveyed in each treatment.The relationship between the occurrence of head blight,the effectiveness of the control,and the Plantago seed yield was comprehensively evaluated.[Result]The head blight of P.asiatica entered its peak period from March to April.The control effect and yield in the integrated management plot were significantly higher than that in other experimental plots.The control effectiveness was listed as follows:Integrated management plot(92.87%)>Early prevention plot(77.82%)>Post-infection control plot(59.70%)>Farmer self-control plot(58.02%).The yield was listed as follows:Integrated management plot(416.57 g/100 spikes)>Early prevention plot(310.33 g/100 spikes)>Farmer self-control plot(178.50 g/100 spikes)>Post-infection control plot(159.13 g/100 spikes)>Blank control plot(60.47 g/100 spikes).The yields showed a significant negative correlation with the disease indexes(R^(2)=0.8105;P<0.01)and a significant positive correlation with the control effectiveness(R^(2)=0.9884;P<0.01).[Conclusion]The integrated control technology for head blight in P.asiatica has shown significant efficacy in field applications,effectively ensuring the yield of P.asiatica seeds.The preventive control effect is

关 键 词：车前草 穗枯病 综合防控技术 防治效果 应用评价 

分 类 号：S567.219[农业科学—中草药栽培]