莎车巴旦木开花生物学特性及液体授粉的应用  

Exploration of bee-machine collaborative effi cient solution pollination technology for almond pollination applications

作　　者：史秀丽 王斐然 代江瑞 罗术东[1,3] Xiuli Shi;Feiran Wang;Jiangrui Dai;Shudong Luo(State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects,Institute of Apicultural Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Xinjiang Apiculture Technical Guidance Station,Urumq 830094,China;Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi 832099,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所资源昆虫高效养殖与利用全国重点实验室,北京100093 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区蜂业技术指导站,乌鲁木齐830094 [3]新疆农垦科学院,石河子832099

出　　处：《中国蜂业》2024年第12期58-61,共4页Apiculture of China

基　　金：新疆农垦科学院科技创新工程(NCG202317);小组团援疆项目“果蔬授粉与绿色防控”资助。

摘　　要：巴旦木(Amygdalus communis L.)是世界四大干果之一,属于典型的自交不亲和异花授粉作物,有效的授粉对于确保果实的成功坐果及品质至关重要,而植物本身的开花生物学则是授粉的基础。本研究通过对巴旦木开花生物学中的开花特性及柱头可授性的研究明确了巴旦木的最佳授粉时机。同时,本研究还利用无人机喷施蜜蜂采集的花粉进行液体授粉,评估了该技术措施对巴旦木果实坐果和质量的影响。结果表明:巴旦木盛花期通常持续3天,每天10:00-12:00为花朵开花的主要时间段,开花后48小时内柱头的可授性较强。此外,采用总量为30克/亩的花粉进行液体授粉能够有效满足当地巴旦木的授粉需求,且其坐果率、鲜果重、干果仁重和出仁率与蜜蜂授粉无显著差异。Almond(Amygdalus communis L.),one of the four major dried fruits,is a typical self-incompatible,cross-pollinating fruit tree,and pollination is one of the crucial processes in the production of almond.Here,we investigated the fl owering phenology and stigma receptivity of almond to determine the optimal pollination timing.Solution pollination was performed with honey bee collected pollen via unmanned agro-drones,and the almond fruit set and quality were also assessed.The results indicated that the peak fl owering period for almonds typically lasts three days,and the main fl owering time is from 10:00 to 12:00 everyday.The stigma remains strong receptivity within the first 48 hours since flowering.Moreover,a total of 30 grams per mu of pollen for solution pollination eff ectively can meet the needs of almonds,the results also suggested that there were no signifi cant diff erences in fruit set rate,fresh fruit weight,dry kernel weight,and kernel yield rate between the solution pollination and bee pollination.

关 键 词：巴旦木 液体授粉 柱头可授性 坐果 果实质量 

分 类 号：S662.9[农业科学—果树学]