薄膜光伏发展现状及建筑应用特性研究  

RESEARCH ON DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND ARCHITECTURAL APPLICATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THIN-FILM PV

作　　者：王博渊 孙峙峰 王珊珊[2] 王萌 张博宇 张昕宇 Wang Boyuan;Sun Zhifeng;Wang Shanshan;Wang Meng;Zhang Boyu;Zhang Xinyu(China Academy of Building Research,Beijing 100013,China;Technology and Industrialization Development Center of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development,Beijing 100835,China;Rocky Mountain Institute,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]住房和城乡建设部科技与产业化发展中心,北京100835 [3]落基山研究所,北京100020

出　　处：《太阳能》2025年第3期5-14,共10页Solar Energy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“零碳建筑及社区可再生能源应用关键技术研究”(2022YFE0134000)。

摘　　要：光伏利用是建筑领域实现“双碳”目标的必要途径,薄膜太阳电池技术作为多部委重点推动的技术路线,对其发展现状、建筑应用特征及产能特性开展了研究。研究结果表明:近年来,全球薄膜光伏组件3年间的年产量增长率超过40%,国产CdTe与CIGS光伏组件量产的平均组件效率分别达15.8%和16.5%。薄膜光伏组件适用于弯曲、倾斜等复杂表面,可制成夹胶玻璃、彩色图案、透光幕墙,建筑适应性良好;其光谱响应范围宽,光电阈值低,可在弱光条件下持续发电。经实测,单晶硅光伏组件的单位装机面积年发电量比薄膜光伏组件的高19.6%,适用于屋顶空间有限、追求最大化发电量的场景;而薄膜光伏组件的年发电小时数比单晶硅光伏组件的高21.6%,在建筑表面装机空间充足时,相同装机容量下其整体发电性能更优。薄膜光伏组件的日有效发电时间长于单晶硅光伏组件,且发电曲线平稳,在低太阳辐照工况下展现出更强的发电可持续性。PV utilization is essential for achieving emission peak and carbon neutrality in the building sector.As a key technology promoted by multiple governmental agencies,thin-film solar cells have gained increasing attention.This paper examines their development status,architectural application characteristics,and production capacity characteristics.The research results show that the global annual production growth rate of thin-film PV modules has exceeded 40%in three years,with domestic CdTe and CIGS PV modules achieving average module efficiency of 15.8%and 16.5%,respectively.Thin-film PV modules adapt well to curved and inclined surfaces and can be customized into laminated glass,colored patterns,and translucent curtain walls,enhancing their architectural applicability.Their broad spectral response range,low photoelectric threshold,and enable continuous power generation under low irradiance.Experimental results show that mono-Si PV modules achieve 19.6%higher annual power generation capacity per unit installed area than that of thin-film PV modules,making them more suitable for scenarios where space-constrained rooftops and maximizing power generation capacity is pursued.In contrast,thin-film PV modules exhibit 21.6%higher annual equivalent full-load hours than that of mono-Si PV modules,when there is sufficient installed space on the surface of the building,the overall power generation performance is better under the same installed capacity.Additionally,thin-film PV modules provide longer effective daily generation time,a more stable output curve,and greater sustainability in power generation under low solar irradiance conditions.

关 键 词：节能减排 建筑光伏系统 薄膜光伏组件 产能 模拟 测试 

分 类 号：TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]