农户规模经营的增收效应:内在机制和实证检验  

Income-increasing Effect of Farmers’Scale Operation:Internal Mechanism and Empirical Test

作　　者：平卫英[1,2] 章标彪 王佳[1,3] 李文星 PING Weiying;ZHANG Biaobiao;WANG Jia;LI Wenxing(School of Statistics and Data Science,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013,China;Applied Statistical Research Center,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013,China;Key Laboratory of Data Science in Finance and Economics,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学统计与数据科学学院,江西南昌330013 [2]江西财经大学应用统计研究中心,江西南昌330013 [3]江西财经大学财经数据科学重点实验室,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《管理学刊》2025年第1期63-81,共19页Journal of Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD131);江西省社会科学基金项目(24YJ28);江西省2024年度研究生创新专项资金(YC2024-B162)。

摘　　要：规模经营是实现农业现代化的重要途径,它不仅增强了农业产业的韧性,确保了农产品的有效供给和粮食安全,而且为增加农民收入提供了坚实的保障。基于2016年、2018年和2020年三年中国家庭追踪调查数据,运用多时点双重差分模型、工具变量法和PSM-DID分析了农户规模经营的收入提升效应及其影响机制。研究发现:(1)农户规模经营对收入具有显著的促进作用,该结论在经过系列稳健性检验和内生性问题处理后依然成立。(2)机制分析表明,农户规模经营可以通过提升农业全要素生产率、优化农业生产结构和促进数字技术渗透来提高收入。(3)进一步分析表明,农户参与规模经营和持续规模经营的增收效应具有显著异质性:户主拥有的技能越高其规模经营的增收效果越好,而性别因素也会影响技术作用的增收效果;相较于类市民化农户,纯农户规模经营能提升家庭人均纯收入,而兼业农户规模经营只对家庭经营性收入具有促进作用;考虑地理因素差异,规模经营对东中部地区和平原丘陵地区的农户家庭增收作用更为显著。研究结果为相关政策制定提供了一定的借鉴。Scale operation is an important way to realize agricultural modernization.It not only enhances the resilience of the agricultural industry,ensures the effective supply of agricultural products and food security,but also provides a solid guarantee for increasing farmers’income.Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies in 2016,2018 and 2020,this paper uses the multi-time difference-in-difference model,instrumental variable method and PSM-DID to analyze the income promotion effect of farmers’scale operation and its influencing mechanism.The results are as below.Firstly,the scale operation of farmers has a significant role in promoting income.This conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests and endogenous problems.Secondly,mechanism analysis shows that farmers’scale operation can increase income by improving agricultural total factor productivity,optimizing agricultural production structure and promoting digital technology penetration.Thirdly,further analysis shows that the income-increasing effect of farmers’participation in scale operation and continuous scale operation has significant heterogeneity.The higher the skills of the head of the household,the stronger the income increase effect of the scale operation,and the gender factor also affects the income increase effect of the technical role.Compared with the quasi-citizenized farmers,the large-scale operation of pure farmers can increase the per capita net income of the family,while the large-scale operation of part-time farmers only promotes the family’s operating income.Considering the differences of geographical factors,scale operation has a more significant effect on the income increase of rural households in the eastern and central regions and plains and hilly areas.The research results provide some reference for the formulation of relevant policies.

关 键 词：农户规模经营 增收效应 多时点双重差分模型 农业全要素生产率 

分 类 号：F124.6[经济管理—世界经济]