天然气管道火灾后果影响因素分析  

Analysis of factors influencing the consequences of natural gas pipeline fire

作　　者：邓娇 王权 高雅洁 DENG Jiao;WANG Quan;GAO Yajie(Central&Southern China Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China;Qingdao Colt Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shandong Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国市政工程中南设计研究总院有限公司,武汉430010 [2]青岛柯尔特技术有限公司,山东青岛266000

出　　处：《非常规油气》2025年第2期128-133,共6页Unconventional Oil & Gas

基　　金：承德和合众创空间创新创业项目“油气管道流动安全保障专家”(CGX2024KMP1A16)。

摘　　要：天然气管道腐蚀泄漏后易形成喷射火灾,对周围人员与环境造成损害。利用PHAST软件对某天然气管道不同场景下的泄漏火灾事故进行模拟计算,分析了泄漏孔径、泄漏点压力和泄漏点高度对火灾事故范围的影响,确定了不同泄漏火灾场景下的事故影响范围。结果表明:1)天然气管道内不同泄漏场景的火灾后果影响范围不同,其中泄漏孔径、泄漏点压力对事故后果影响程度较大,泄漏点高度对事故后果影响程度较小;2)天然气管道小孔泄漏引起的火灾对人员伤害较小,而中孔泄漏、大孔泄漏或管道破裂引起的火灾会造成人员死亡;3)天然气管道内进站管道运行压力高,事故影响范围大,应密切关注进站管道的运行情况,定期检测,发现泄漏及时进行处理;4)场站内阀门和法兰处容易出现漏点,为了防止事故的发生,应做好日常监测和设施的维护工作,严格控制点火源,做好员工的安全培训工作,增强员工的安全意识;5)在进行天然气管道总平面设计时应考虑安全防护间距,站场的安全管理及事故预防均应考虑事故的影响范围。以上成果认识,可为天然气管道的安全设计和安全管理提供理论指导。Corrosion leakage of natural gas pipeline is easy to form jet fire,causing damage to the surrounding personnel and environment.Uses the PHAST software to simulate the leakage fire accident of a natural gas pipeline in different scenarios,analyzes the influence of leakage aperture,leakage point pressure,and leakage point height on the ranges of fire accidents,and determines the impact ranges of accidents in different leakage fire scenarios.The results show that:1)The influence ranges of fire consequences in different leakage scenarios in natural gas pipelines are different,in which the leakage aperture and leakage point pressure have a greater influence on the accident consequences,while the leakage point height has less impact on the accident consequences;2)The fire caused by small hole leakage of the natural gas pipeline is less harmful to personnel,while a fire caused by medium hole leakage,large hole leakage,or pipeline rupture will cause death;3)The operation pressure of the inbound pipeline in the natural gas pipeline is high,and the range of the accident is large.Therefore,close attention should be paid to the operation of the inbound pipeline,regular detection should be conducted,and any leakage should be dealt with in time;4)The valves and flanges in the station are prone to leakage points.In order to prevent accidents,enterprises should do a good job in daily monitoring and equipment maintenance,strictly control the fire source,do a good job in staff safety training,and enhance the safety awareness of employees;5)The safety protection spacing should be considered in the design of the general plan of the natural gas pipeline,and the impact range of the accident should be considered in the safety management and accident prevention of the station.The above results can provide theoretical guidance for the safe design and management of natural gas pipelines.

关 键 词：天然气管道 PHAST软件 泄漏孔径 泄漏点压力 泄漏点高度 

分 类 号：TE832[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]