正面碰撞自动紧急制动系统作用下六岁儿童乘员姿态对损伤风险的影响  

Effects of Occupant Posture on Injury Risk in Frontal Crash AEB for Six-year-old Children

作　　者：王鹏 潘迪 叶美婷 叶凡 韩勇 WANG Peng;PAN Di;YE Meiting;YE Fan;HAN Yong(School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,Xiamen Institute of Technology,Xiamen,Fujian,361024;Fujian Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing of Buses,Xiamen,Fujian,361024)

机构地区：[1]厦门理工学院机械与汽车工程学院,厦门361024 [2]福建省客车先进设计与制造重点实验室,厦门361024

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2025年第3期483-492,共10页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51675454);福建省技术创新重点攻关及产业化项目(2022G043,2023G048)。

摘　　要：为厘清汽车正面碰撞事故中不同坐姿儿童乘员在有无自动紧急制动系统(AEB)介入时头部及胸腹部损伤差异,结合城市快速路汽车的行驶速度(90km/h)与NHTSA-NCAP测试条件,建立了整车100%重叠率刚性壁障正面碰撞仿真模型。选取了某款带靠背的增高垫儿童约束系统(CRS)。采用THUMS 6YO人体有限元模型模拟了参考坐姿(RF)、前倾坐姿(HF-OP)和下潜坐姿(PSB),对比分析了有无AEB作用下儿童乘员在各坐姿下的运动学响应及头部和胸腹部损伤风险。结果表明:有AEB作用下,RF坐姿的儿童乘员HIC_(15)减小了43.6%,胸部3 ms合成加速度降低了24.6%;PSB坐姿的儿童头部3 ms合成加速度降低了19.2%,胸部压缩量减小了18.1%;HF-OP坐姿的儿童头部加速度峰值和胸部加速度峰值分别降低了28%和25%。可见各坐姿下AEB的介入均可显著降低儿童乘员的头部和胸部损伤风险。To clarify the differences in head and thoracic-abdominal injuries among child occupants in different seating positions during frontal car collisions with and without the intervention of AEB,the driving speeds of urban expressways(90km/h)were combined with NHTSA-NCAP test conditions to establish a full-vehicle 100%overlap rigid barrier frontal collision simulation model.A CRS with a backrest was selected.The THUMS 6YO human finite element model was used to simulate three seating positions:reference(RF),head forward-out of position(HF-OP),and pre-submarining(PSB).The kinematics responses and the risks of head and thoracic-abdominal injuries of child occupants in the three positions were analyzed and compared with and without the intervention of AEB.The results show that,under AEB conditions,the HIC 15 and the chest 3 ms resultant acceleration of the children in RF sitting position decrease by 43.6%and 24.6%respectively.In PSB position,the head 3 ms resultant acceleration is reduced by 19.2%,and the chest compression is reduced by 18.1%.In HF-OP position,the peak accelerations of the head and chest are reduced by 28%and 25%,respectively.In all three sitting positions,AEB intervention significantly reduces the risk of head and chest injuries in child occupants.

关 键 词：正面碰撞 儿童约束系统 自动紧急制动 THUMS 6YO人体有限元模型 坐姿 

分 类 号：U461.4[机械工程—车辆工程]