以动态尺寸为表征的动态座椅综合运动模型研究  

Research on Comprehensive Motion Model of Dynamic Seats Characterized by Dynamic Dimensions

作　　者：王金 张旭伟[1] 陈剑平 张莉莉 WANG Jin;ZHANG Xuwei;CHEN Jianping;ZHANG Lili(School of Mechatronic Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu,610500;The Second Research Institute of Civil Aviation Administration of China,Chengdu,610042)

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学机电工程学院,成都610500 [2]中国民航局第二研究所,成都610042

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2025年第3期623-633,共11页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52305324)。

摘　　要：动态座椅是干预久坐不适的重要手段,其中动态座椅的综合运动模型对干预效果具有重要意义。为提升动态座椅的干预效果,开展了以动态尺寸为表征的动态座椅综合运动模型研究。开发座椅动态尺寸构建方法,一是利用可调节座椅,采集用户的舒适座椅尺寸;二是基于不同体型用户的舒适座椅尺寸差异,拟合不同体型群体的舒适座椅尺寸在时间维度上的变化趋势,从而构建动态尺寸。以乘客座椅为例,利用7个相互关联的座椅支撑性能尺寸构建动态座椅综合运动模型,采用被试内实验评估动态尺寸降低久坐不适的功效。结果显示,座高、靠背倾角、腰靠高度、腰靠厚度、颈靠厚度均具有一组动态尺寸,而座板倾角包含三组动态尺寸,颈靠高度包含两组动态尺寸,它们能够显著降低关键人体部位和整体的久坐不适。Dynamic seats were a crucial means for intervening in prolonged sitting discomfort,and the comprehensive motion model of dynamic seats played a significant role in determining the effectiveness of intervention.To enhance the efficacy of dynamic seating interventions,a study of comprehensive motion model of dynamic seats characterized by dynamic dimensions was conducted.Firstly,a method for constructing dynamic seating dimensions was developed,involving the use of adjustable seats to collect user-specific comfortable seat dimensions.Secondly,based on the differences in comfortable seat dimensions among users with different body types,the variation trend of measured dimensions of comfortable seats for different body types over time was fitted,thereby constructing dynamic dimensions.Then,taking passenger seats as examples,a comprehensive motion model of dynamic seats was constructed using seven interrelated seat support performance dimensions.Finally,an intra-subject experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic dimensions in reducing sedentary discomfort.The results reveal that seat height,backrest inclination,lumbar support height,lumbar support thickness,and neck support thickness all include a set of dynamic dimensions,while seat pan inclination includes three sets of dynamic dimensions,and neck support height includes two sets.These dynamic dimensions significantly reduce discomfort in key body parts and overall discomfort.

关 键 词：舒适性 乘客座椅 动态尺寸 关联尺寸 支撑性能 

分 类 号：U461.4[机械工程—车辆工程]