密植滴灌水肥一体化对西南夏玉米产量及土壤细菌群落的影响  

Effects of drip fertigation with dense planting on yield and soil bacterial community of summer maize in Southwest China

作　　者：宋利 刘广周 张华 卢庭启 卿春燕 杨云山 郭晓霞 胡单[5] 李少昆[1,6] 侯鹏 SONG Li;LIU Guang-Zhou;ZHANG Hua;LU Ting-Qi;QING Chun-Yan;YANG Yun-Shan;GUO Xiao-Xia;Hu Dan;LI Shao-Kun;HOU Peng(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province/College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,Hebei,China;Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mianyang 621023,Sichuan,China;The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Group/College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang,China;Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi 860000,Xizang,China;School of Agriculture,Anhui Science and technology University,Fengyang 233100,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [2]华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室/农业农村部华北节水农业重点实验室/河北省作物生长调控重点实验室/河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001 [3]绵阳市农业科学院,四川绵阳621023 [4]新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室/石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000 [5]西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝860000 [6]安徽科技学院,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《作物学报》2025年第4期992-1004,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1900603)资助。

摘　　要：土壤微生物参与碳氮循环,对于维持土壤生态系统健康具有重要意义。为研究密植滴灌水肥一体化对西南地区夏玉米产量与土壤细菌群落的影响,设置传统水肥(F)和密植滴灌水肥一体化(H)2个处理。采用高通量测序方法,通过测定16S rRNA基因,研究密植滴灌水肥一体化对土壤细菌群落的影响。2年试验结果表明,与对照F相比,H处理的产量与生物量分别显著提高30.92%与56.03%。对2022年土壤中细菌微生物进行分析发现,H处理显著提高了不同时期土壤细菌群落的多样性,且处理间细菌群落结构存在差异。对细菌群落组成分析可知,H处理提高了部分门(髌骨菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门)和属(黄单胞杆菌属、鞘氨醇单细胞菌属、Jatrophihabitans和黄杆菌属)分类水平的细菌群落相对丰度。相关性分析结果表明,吐丝期F处理中酸杆菌门的相对丰度与产量相关,H处理中鞘氨醇单细胞菌属的相对丰度与生物量相关;成熟期H处理的3门(粘菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门)和2属(Ellin6067、芽单胞菌属)细菌群落的相对丰度与生物量及产量相关,而F处理的细菌群落的相对丰度与生物量及产量无关。利用PICRUSt2对细菌群落进行功能预测可知,H处理提高了多种细菌的代谢能力,如氨基酸代谢、外来化合物的生物降解与代谢、糖类生物合成与代谢等。综上,与传统水肥管理相比,密植滴灌水肥一体化不仅提高了土壤细菌的群落多样性和代谢能力,还提高了3门(髌骨菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门)和4属(黄单胞杆菌属、鞘氨醇单细胞菌属、Jatrophihabitans和黄杆菌属)的群落相对丰度,并通过降低有害菌门(芽单胞菌门)和提高有益菌属(鞘氨醇单细胞菌属)的群落相对丰度来影响产量。Soil microorganisms play a crucial role in the carbon and nitrogen cycles,contributing significantly to the maintenance of soil ecosystem health.This study investigated the effects of drip fertigation combined with dense planting on summer maize yield and soil bacterial communities in Southwest China.Two treatments were established:traditional water and fertilizer management(F)and drip fertigation with dense planting(H).High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was employed to analyze the impact of these treatments on soil bacterial communities.The results revealed that the H treatment significantly increased maize yield and biomass by 30.92%and 56.03%,respectively,compared to the F treatment.Additionally,the H treatment markedly enhanced soil bacterial community diversity at different growth stages and altered bacterial community structure in 2022.At the taxonomic level,the H treatment increased the relative abundance of certain phyla,including Patescibacteria,Bacteroidota,and Actinobacteriota,as well as specific genera such as Chujaibacter,Sphingomonas,Jatrophihabitans,and Flavisolibacter.In contrast,the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota in the F treatment was associated with yield,while the relative abundance of Sphingomonas in the H treatment was linked to biomass.Furthermore,at the maturity stage,the relative abundance of bacterial communities from three phyla(Myxococcota,Acidobacteriota,and Gemmatimonadota)and two genera(Ellin6067 and Gemmatimonas)in the H treatment was correlated with both biomass and yield.Notably,no such correlations were observed in the F treatment.Functional predictions using PICRUSt2 demonstrated that the H treatment enhanced the metabolic capacity of soil bacteria,particularly in pathways related to amino acid metabolism,xenobiotics biodegradation,glycan biosynthesis,and other metabolic processes.In conclusion,compared to traditional water and fertilizer management,drip fertigation with dense planting not only improved soil bacterial community diversity and metabolic capaci

关 键 词：密植 滴灌水肥一体化 夏玉米 产量 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]