黄腐酸、褐藻寡糖包衣对迟播油菜萌发成苗及产量的影响  

Effect of coating with fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharide on emergence and yield of late-sown rapeseed

作　　者：厍惠洁 孙明珠 李世刚 王东仙 程泰 蒋博 陈爱武 王晶 赵杰 汪波[1] 蒯婕 徐正华[1] 周广生[1] SHE Hui-Jie;SUN Ming-Zhu;LI Shi-Gang;WANG Dong-Xian;CHENG Tai;JIANG Bo;CHENAi-Wu;WANG Jing;ZHAO Jie;WANG Bo;KUAI Jie;XU Zheng-Hua;ZHOU Guang-Sheng(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Nanchang 330046,Jiangxi,China;Jingmen Meteorological Bureau,Jingmen 448000,Hubei,China;Hubei Department of Rape Production Management,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/湖北洪山实验室/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]江西省农业技术推广中心,江西南昌330046 [3]荆门市气象局,湖北荆门448000 [4]湖北省油菜办公室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物学报》2025年第4期1022-1036,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2023BBB028);湖北省揭榜挂帅项目(HBZY2023B001-01)资助。

摘　　要：播期推迟,油菜出苗率和越冬期生物量显著下降,确保出苗质量和增加越冬期生物量是提高迟播油菜抗逆稳产能力的重要措施。本研究以中双11号为材料,设置裸种子对照组(CK)、丸粒化基础配方(BC4)、包膜基础配方(BC0)、丸粒化负载2%的黄腐酸(2%F)和3%的褐藻寡糖(3%H)、用200mg L^(-1)的黄腐酸包膜(200F)和400 mg L^(-1)的褐藻寡糖包膜(400H)等7个处理在武汉进行10月26日播种的田间小区试验,探讨黄腐酸和褐藻寡糖包衣对迟播油菜萌发出苗、幼苗生长及产量的影响。结果表明,采用黄腐酸和褐藻寡糖种子包衣(丸粒化、包膜)可提升低温条件下油菜种子出苗质量,并增强幼苗抗寒性,增加越冬期生物量。2年迟播条件下,CK处理出苗率分别为53.6%、59.4%,黄腐酸和褐藻寡糖丸粒化及包膜处理的出苗率均显著高于CK、丸粒化基础配方以及包膜基础配方。黄腐酸和褐藻寡糖包衣均增加越冬期干物质积累,较CK显著提高越冬期的株高和根颈粗。各处理的产量存在差异,与CK相比,2022—2023年2%浓度黄腐酸丸粒化和3%浓度褐藻寡糖丸粒化处理的产量分别增加11.35%和13.05%,2023—2024年分别增加16.01%和18.20%。越冬期抗寒性的提高是黄腐酸和褐藻寡糖提高生物量和产量的重要机制,黄腐酸和褐藻寡糖处理均显著提高了低温条件下油菜幼苗的可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,增强了抗氧化系统的酶活性,降低了H_(2)O_(2)、MDA和O_(2)^(-)的含量,从而减轻低温损伤。其中,400 mg L^(-1)褐藻寡糖包膜处理的可溶性糖含量较CK提高53.5%;200mg L^(-1)黄腐酸包膜处理的MDA含量较CK降低53.38%。同时,黄腐酸和褐藻寡糖包衣还提高了油菜幼苗中的IAA含量。本研究结果可为提高迟播油菜抗逆稳产能力提供技术支撑。Delayed sowing significantly reduces the seedling emergence rate and overwintering biomass of oilseed rape.Ensuring high seedling emergence quality and increasing overwintering biomass are crucial strategies for improving the stress resistance and yield stability of late-sown oilseed rape.Using the rapeseed variety Zhongshuang 11,seven treatments were implemented,including a bare seed control(CK),basic pelletizing formulation(BC4),basic coating formulation(BC0),pelletizing with 2%fulvic acid(2%F)and 3%alginate oligosaccharide(3%H),and coating with 200 mg L^(-1)fulvic acid(200F)and 400 mg L^(-1)alginate oligosaccharide(400H).A field experiment was conducted in Wuhan,China,with sowing on October 26,to evaluate the effects of these treatments on germination,seedling growth,and yield performance of late-sown rapeseed.The results,this study investigated the effects of seed coatings containing fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharides(via pelleting and coating)on improving seedling emergence,enhancing cold tolerance,and increasing overwintering biomass.Obtained over two years,showed that the emergence rate in the CK treatment was 53.6%and 59.4%in the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 seasons,respectively.Treatments with fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharides significantly improved emergence rates compared to CK,BC4,and BC0.These coatings also increased dry matter accumulation during the overwintering period and significantly enhanced plant height and root collar diameter compared to CK.Yield performance varied among treatments.Compared to CK,yields of pelletized seeds with 2%fulvic acid and 3%alginate oligosaccharide increased by 11.35%and 13.05%in 2022-2023,and by 16.01%and 18.20%in 2023-2024,respectively.Improving cold resistance during the overwintering period was a critical mechanism for enhancing biomass and yield through fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharide treatments.Both fulvic acid and alginate oligosaccharide treatments significantly increased soluble sugar and proline contents in rapeseed seedlings under low-te

关 键 词：油菜 迟播 丸粒化 包膜 黄腐酸 褐藻寡糖 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]