花后高温干旱逆境对冬小麦光合特性和产量的影响  

Effects of high temperature and drought stresses on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat after anthesis

作　　者：李乔 叶杨春 常旭虹[2] 王德梅[2] 王艳杰[2] 杨玉双[2] 马瑞琦 赵广才[2] 蔡瑞国 张敏 刘希伟 LI Qiao;YE Yang-Chun;CHANG Xu-Hong;WANG De-Mei;WANG Yan-Jie;YANG Yu-Shuang;MARui-Qi;ZHAO Guang-Cai;CAI Rui-Guo;ZHANG Min;LIU Xi-Wei(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology,Changli 066004,Hebei,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技学院/河北省作物逆境生物学重点实验室,河北昌黎066004 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《作物学报》2025年第4期1077-1090,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2300202);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-16);中国农业科学院作物科学研究所“所级统筹”基本科研业务费(S2023QH06)资助。

摘　　要：为了明确花后高温干旱逆境对小麦产量的影响及其生理机制,本研究于2022—2023年冬小麦生长季,选用中麦36(ZM36)和济麦22(JM22)2个小麦品种,在北京和河北赵县大田试验条件下设置花后高温(HT)、干旱(DS)、高温干旱复合胁迫(DHS)3种逆境处理,以自然环境为对照(CK),比较了不同逆境处理对小麦光合特性、叶片衰老和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,在逆境下北京试验点ZM36的产量、穗粒数、千粒重分别降低了18.0%~40.2%、10.4%~16.3%和6.9%~22.7%;JM22分别降低了18.2%~32.8%、3.1%~8.7%和4.0%~14.6%。赵县试验点ZM36的产量、穗粒数、千粒重分别降低了6.4%~27.8%、8.2%~23.1%和2.9%~11.0%;JM22分别降低了6.8%~35.3%、8.0%~19.0%和0.6%~7.7%。2个试验点不同逆境对2个小麦品种产量的影响程度均为DHS>DS>HT。花后逆境下2个小麦品种叶面积指数(LAI)降低14.4%~36.9%,旗叶叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)减少11.2%~24.6%、叶片持绿时间(Chl_(total))缩短1.8~5.0 d,PSII最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))降低3.5%~10.5%,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)增加9.3%~27.8%,致使旗叶净光合速率(P_(n))降低14.3%~39.6%,且花后高温干旱复合胁迫对小麦旗叶光合特性的影响远大于单一干旱、高温胁迫。由结构方程可知,叶片温度(T_(leaf))与土壤体积含水量(SVC)、SPAD、P_(n)呈负相关,SVC与LAI、SPAD、P_(n)、F_(v)/F_(m)呈正相关,表明较高的土壤体积含水量(0~20 cm土层30%~32%)可降低冠层和叶片温度,延缓小麦叶片衰老,提高光合效率。研究结果为小麦高产稳产抗逆栽培提供理论依据。This study aimed to investigate the effects of high temperature and drought stresses on wheat yield and their underlying physiological mechanisms.Two wheat varieties,Zhongmai 36(ZM36)and Jimai 22(JM22),were selected during the winter wheat growing season from 2022 to 2023.Three stress treatments—high temperature(HT),drought(DS),and combined high temperature and drought stress(DHS)—were applied after anthesis under field conditions in Beijing and Zhaoxian,Hebei province,along with a natural environment control(CK).The effects of the stress treatments on photosynthetic characteristics,leaf senescence,and grain yield were compared.Over the two-year period,the yield,grain number per spike,and 1000-grain weight of ZM36 in Beijing decreased by 18.0%-40.2%,10.4%-16.3%,and 6.9%-22.7%,respectively,while for JM22,the reductions were 18.2%-32.8%,3.1%-8.7%,and 4.0%-14.6%,respectively.In Zhaoxian,the yield,grain number per spike,and 1000-grain weight of ZM36 declined by 6.4%-27.8%,8.2%-23.1%,and 2.9%-11.0%,respectively,while JM22 experienced decreases of 6.8%-35.3%,8.0%-19.0%,and 0.6%-7.7%,respectively.The yield reductions followed the order:DHS>DS>HT.Additionally,the leaf area index(LAI)of both wheat varieties decreased by 14.4%-36.9%,the relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)of the flag leaf declined by 11.2%-24.6%,and the leaf stay-green duration(Chl_(total))was shortened by 1.8-5.0 days.As a result,the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))of the flag leaf decreased by 14.3%-39.6%,the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII(F_(v)/F_(m))was reduced by 3.5%-10.5%,and the non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)increased by 9.3%-27.8%.The combined high temperature and drought stress after anthesis had a much greater impact on the photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves than individual drought or high temperature stress.Structural equation modeling revealed that leaf temperature(T_(leaf))was negatively correlated with soil volumetric water content(SVC),SPAD,and P_(n),while SVC was positively correlated with LAI,SPAD,P_(n),

关 键 词：小麦 高温 干旱 复合胁迫 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]