盐胁迫对不同耐盐型玉米品种叶片光合性能和干物质积累与分配的影响  

Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic performance and dry matter accumulation and distribution in leaves of different salt-tolerant maize varieties

作　　者：李雪婷 任昊 王洪章 张吉旺[1] 赵斌[1] 任佰朝 刘莹[2] 姚海燕 刘鹏[1] LI Xue-Ting;REN Hao;WANG Hong-Zhang;ZHANG Ji-Wang;ZHAO Bin;REN Bai-Zhao;LIU Ying;YAO Hai-Yan;LIU Peng(College of Agriculture,Shandong Agricultural University/Huang-Huai-Hai Regional Maize Technology Innovation Center,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China;Binzhou Polytechnic,Binzhou 256603,Shandong,China;Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Wudi County,Wudi 251900,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/黄淮海玉米区域技术创新中心,山东泰安271018 [2]滨州职业学院,山东滨州256603 [3]无棣县农业农村局,山东无棣251900

出　　处：《作物学报》2025年第4期1091-1101,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202103);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-08);山东省重大科技创新工程计划项目(2021CXGC010804-05);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1201700)资助。

摘　　要：研究盐胁迫对不同耐盐型玉米品种叶片光合性能、干物质积累与分配特征的影响,为培育耐盐型玉米品种和轻中度盐碱地玉米丰产抗逆栽培提供理论依据。试验于2022—2023年进行,以耐盐型玉米品种万盛69(WS69)和盐敏感型玉米品种登海605(DH605)为材料,以不施盐处理为对照(CK),设置低(1.5‰,MS)、高(3.0‰,HS)2个盐分浓度,研究土壤盐分对不同耐盐型玉米品种物质生产性能的胁迫效应。盐胁迫显著降低夏玉米叶面积指数、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)和叶片光合势;高盐胁迫处理DH605和WS69夏玉米叶片的平均光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(E)较CK分别降低22.11%、19.99%、11.63%和13.51%、13.42%、8.81%,胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_(i))升高19.83%和10.79%。盐胁迫阻碍夏玉米干物质积累速率,植株生物量、积累速率最大时的生长量(W_(max))和最大积累速率(R_(max))显著降低,达到最大积累速率所需天数(T_(max))增加。耐盐型品种花后干物质积累所占比例增加,而盐敏感型品种则降低;同时盐胁迫降低了干物质向生殖器官的分配比例,进而造成减产。在MS和HS处理下,DH605平均产量较CK分别降低16.12%和27.42%;WS69平均产量分别降低6.90%和9.12%。盐胁迫后,耐盐品种保持了较高的叶面积指数、SPAD值和光合势,叶片光合性能受胁迫程度小,有利于保持较高光合产物的积累;盐胁迫显著降低夏玉米花后干物质积累和向生殖器官的分配,降低收获指数,从而导致产量降低。The effects of salt stress on photosynthetic performance,dry matter accumulation,and distribution characteristics in different salt-tolerant maize varieties were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for breeding salt-tolerant maize and optimizing high-yield,stress-resistant cultivation in mildly and moderately saline-alkali soils.The experiments were conducted from 2022 vto 2023 using the salt-tolerant maize variety Wansheng 69(WS69)and the salt-sensitive variety Denghai 605(DH605),with non-saline conditions as the control(CK).Two salt concentrations—low(1.5‰,MS)and high(3.0‰,HS)—were used to assess the effects of soil salinity on the material production performance of these maize varieties.Salt stress significantly reduced the leaf area index,chlorophyll content(SPAD value),and leaf photosynthetic potential of summer maize.Under high salt stress,the average photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),and transpiration rate(E)of DH605 and WS69 leaves decreased by 22.11%,19.99%,11.63%,and 13.51%,13.42%,8.81%,respectively,compared to CK,while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(C_(i))increased by 19.83%and 10.79%.Salt stress also impeded dry matter accumulation in summer maize,significantly reducing plant biomass,the_(max)imum growth rate(W_(max)),and the_(max)imum accumulation rate(R_(max)),while increasing the number of days required to reach the_(max)imum accumulation rate(T_(max)).The proportion of dry matter accumulation after anthesis increased in salt-tolerant varieties but decreased in salt-sensitive varieties.Additionally,salt stress reduced the dry matter distribution to reproductive organs,leading to yield reduction.Under MS and HS treatments,the average yield of DH605 was 16.12%and 27.42%lower than CK,respectively,while the yield of WS69 decreased by 6.90%and 9.12%.After salt stress,salt-tolerant varieties maintained higher leaf area indices,SPAD values,and photosynthetic potential,with less reduction in photosynthetic performance,which helped sustain the accumulatio

关 键 词：玉米 盐胁迫 叶片光合性能 干物质积累 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]