高温胁迫下冷型小麦的抗逆性评估及其生理响应研究  

Evaluation of stress tolerance and physiological response of cold-type wheat under heat stress

作　　者：李培华 李杰 孟祥宇 孙玉晨 冯永佳 李云丽 刁邓超 赵雯 吴玮 韩德俊[1] 张嵩午[2] 郑炜君[1] LI Pei-Hua;LI Jie;MENG Xiang-Yu;SUN Yu-Chen;FENG Yong-Jia;LI Yun-Li;DIAO Deng-Chao;ZHAO Wen;WU Wei;HAN De-Jun;ZHANG Song-Wu;ZHENG Wei-Jun(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;College of Science,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学理学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《作物学报》2025年第4期1118-1130,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：科技创新2030重大专项(2023ZD04026);陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2023-YBNY-026)资助。

摘　　要：为探究灌浆期高温胁迫对不同温型小麦的影响,并评估冷型小麦在逆境抗性方面的表现,本研究选用2个冷型小麦(冷资857和冷资863)、2个暖型小麦(暖资58和暖资979)以及对照品种百农207,在灌浆期进行高温胁迫,测定光合参数、抗氧化酶活性以及产量等指标。结果表明:在高温胁迫下,所有小麦品种的净光合速率(P_(n))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(C_(d))均有所下降,而胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))上升。P_(n)下降幅度在不同品种间存在差异,其中暖资979和暖资58的下降幅度最大,冷资857和冷资863的下降幅度相对较小。此外,冷型小麦品种的抗氧化酶活性普遍高于暖型小麦。高温胁迫导致小麦的灌浆快增期提前,整体灌浆时间缩短,千粒重和产量均有所下降。冷型小麦品种的产量损失相对较少,表明其在高温逆境下的抗性更强。抗氧化酶活性与小麦的光合作用之间存在密切的正相关关系。这些指标对于评估小麦的产量潜力和抗逆性具有重要意义。综上所述,本研究揭示了冷型小麦在灌浆期高温胁迫下的抗逆性优势,并为冷型小麦品种的选育提供了科学依据,同时为深入理解冷型小麦的抗逆机制奠定了基础。This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-temperature stress on wheat varieties with different temperature adaptations and to assess the stress resistance of cold-type wheat.Two cold-type wheat varieties(Lengzi 857 and Lengzi 863),two warm-type wheat varieties(Nuanzi 58 and Nuanzi 979),and the control variety Bainong 207 were selected as research materials.Photosynthetic parameters,antioxidant enzyme activities,and yield were measured during the grain-filling stage under high-temperature stress.The results showed that high-temperature stress reduced the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,and stomatal conductance in all varieties,while intercellular CO_(2) concentration increased.The decline in net photosynthetic rate was most severe in the warm-type varieties(Nuanzi 979 and Nuanzi 58)and least pronounced in the cold-type varieties(Lengzi 857 and Lengzi 863).Antioxidant enzyme activity was generally higher in the cold-type varieties compared to the warm-type ones.High-temperature stress also shortened the grain-filling period by advancing the rapid filling phase,resulting in reduced thousand-grain weight and overall yield.However,yield losses in cold-type varieties were comparatively smaller,reflecting their stronger resistance to high-temperature stress.A positive correlation was observed between antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic performance,suggesting that antioxidant enzyme activity is a key indicator for evaluating yield potential and stress resistance in wheat.In conclusion,this study underscores the superior stress resistance of cold-type wheat during the grain-filling stage under high-temperature stress,providing a scientific basis for breeding cold-type wheat varieties and advancing the understanding of stress resistance mechanisms in wheat.

关 键 词：冷型小麦 高温胁迫 光合特性 抗氧化酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]