钢中典型残余元素危害及其控制技术的研究进展  

Hazards and control techniques of typical residual elements in steel

作　　者：王艳平 胡绍岩 王德永[1] 姜云轩 周兴磊 李永康 WANG Yanping;HU Shaoyan;WANG Deyong;JIANG Yunxuan;ZHOU Xinglei;LI Yongkang(School of Iron and Steel,Soochow University,Suzhou 215137,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学钢铁学院,江苏苏州215137

出　　处：《钢铁研究学报》2025年第2期127-140,共14页Journal of Iron and Steel Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52104337);中国宝武低碳冶金创新基金资助项目(BWLCF202108,BWLCF202317)。

摘　　要：随着中国“碳达峰、碳中和”战略的提出与实施,冶金行业面临着巨大的碳减排压力。相比于传统高炉-转炉炼钢,电炉炼钢碳排放更低,是近零碳排放炼钢的重要途径之一。电炉炼钢的主要原料是废钢,其含有的残余有害元素,如铜、锡、砷、锑等对生产流程的顺利进行以及钢铁产品的最终性能有着重要影响。综述了典型残余元素的来源及控制标准、危害机制、脱除及减害控制方法等方面的研究进展。残余元素在钢液凝固过程中产生溶质凝固偏析容易产生内部裂纹,在晶界的偏聚行为使晶界强度下降会导致钢的热塑性变差,或造成第二类回火脆性,此外在钢基体和氧化层之间的富集也会造成表面热脆。配料稀释法作为工业生产中控制残余元素危害的主要手段,成本高且不能从根本上解决残余元素问题。而添加抑制元素如硼、稀土等可以生成残余元素化合物上浮去除,或形成竞争偏聚,降低残余元素危害。With the proposal and implementation of the strategy of“carbon peak and carbon neutralization”in China,the metallurgical industry is facing huge pressure on carbon emission reduction.Compared with traditional blast furnace-converter steelmaking,electric arc furnace(EAF)steelmaking has lower carbon emissions,which is one of the important ways of near-zero carbon emission steelmaking.Scrap,the main raw material of EAF steelmaking,contains residual harmful elements,such as copper,tin,arsenic and antimony,which have an important impact on the smooth progress of the production process and the final properties of iron and steel products.The research progress on the source,control standard,hazard mechanism,removal and mitigation methods of typical residual elements was reviewed.The solute solidification segregation of residual elements in liquid steel during solidification is easy to produce internal cracks,and the decrease of grain boundary strength due to segregation at grain boundaries will lead to poor thermo-plasticity or the second kind of temper brittleness of steel.In addition,the enrichment between steel matrix and oxide layer will also cause surface hot brittleness.The ingredient dilution method,as the main means to control the harm of residual elements in industrial production,has a high cost and cannot fundamentally solve the problem of residual elements.The addition of inhibitory elements such as boron and rare earth can form residual element compounds to float and remove or form competitive segregation to reduce the harm of residual elements.

关 键 词：废钢 残余元素 稀土 热塑性 晶界偏聚 

分 类 号：TF702.3[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]