储氢用奥氏体不锈钢设计及抗氢脆性能研究  

Composition design and hydrogen embrittlement behavior of austenitic stainless steel for hydrogen storage

作　　者：毛蓝宇 骆宗安[1] 范明荣 黄昶 周政启 王明坤 MAO Lanyu;LUO Zongan;FAN Mingrong;HUANG Chang;ZHOU Zhengqi;WANG Mingkun(State Key Lab of Rolling and Automation,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学轧制技术及连轧自动化国家重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《钢铁研究学报》2025年第2期173-186,共14页Journal of Iron and Steel Research

摘　　要：发展高压储氢材料已成为推进我国氢能建设的关键目标。奥氏体不锈钢(Austenitic Stainless Steel, ASS)由于具有良好的氢脆抗性、成形性和低温韧性被认为是高压储氢容器的优良候选材料。然而,传统ASS中贵金属含量过高,因而不具备大规模应用的经济性条件且ASS的低强度也会造成安全隐患。为此,采用热力学相图计算方法设计了一种ASS(命名为NEASS),并采用慢速率拉伸和多种微观表征方式评价了其抗氢脆性能。结果表明,NEASS的强度和抗氢脆性能比现有的316L不锈钢高出约15%和70%,其在充氢后的变形过程中展现出特殊的多向滑移机制,缓解了局部应力集中现象,从而有效阻碍了氢致裂纹萌生和氢致断裂失效的发生。The development of high-pressure hydrogen storage materials has become a key goal in promoting China's hydrogen energy construction.With good hydrogen embrittlement resistance,formability,and low-temperature toughness,austenitic stainless steel(ASS)is considered to be an excellent candidate material for high-pressure hydrogen storage containers.However,the excessive use of precious metals in traditional ASS makes it unsuitable for large-scale application,and the low strength of ASS can also cause safety hazards.Therefore,thermodynamic phase diagram calculation methods are used to design an ASS(named NEASS),and slow tensile testing and various microscopic characterization methods are used to evaluate its hydrogen embrittlement resistance.The results show that the strength and hydrogen embrittlement resistance of NEASS are about 15%and 70%higher than those of 316L stainless steel,respectively.During the deformation process after hydrogen charging,NEASS exhibits a special multidirectional slip mechanism,which alleviates local stress concentration and effectively inhibits the initiation and failure of hydrogen-induced cracks.

关 键 词：高压储氢材料 低成本奥氏体不锈钢 微观组织演变 氢致开裂机制 氢脆行为 

分 类 号：TG142.7[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]