代谢组学技术分析对感音神经性聋的预防与治疗应用展望  

Prospective Application of Metabolomics Analysis in Prevention and Treatment of Sensorineural Deafness

作　　者：范晗琪 黎奥 徐继峰 李思雨 张圆 杨霞[1] 刘丁丁[1] 钱晓云[1] 高下[1] FAN Hanqi;LI Ao;XU Jifeng;LI Siyu;ZHANG Yuan;YANG Xia;LIU Dingding;QIAN Xiaoyun;GAO Xia(Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School,Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline(Laboratory),Research Institute of Otolaryngology,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,江苏省医学重点学科南京鼓楼医院耳鼻咽喉研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《中华耳科学杂志》2025年第2期294-300,共7页Chinese Journal of Otology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82192862,82101223);江苏省重点医学学科/实验室项目(ZDXK202243)。

摘　　要：感音神经性听力损失(sensorineural hearing loss,SNHL)作为一种常见的感觉障碍,其发病机制和有效治疗手段尚未明确,寻找疾病的生物标志物具有重要意义。代谢组学是一种分析样本中小分子代谢物的技术,能够定量研究代谢物的变化,有助于阐明各种感音神经性聋疾病机制,辅助诊断和治疗差异。我们围绕SNHL的代谢组学研究进行综述,总结了检测样本来源、分析技术、发现的代谢物变化及其意义,整理出精氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酸、同型半胱氨酸、色氨酸、泛酸、酰基肉碱、鞘氨醇及乙酰神经氨酸等代谢产物的集中变化,发现众多氧化应激相关代谢产物的水平在损伤前后发生改变,并通过差异代谢物的通路富集,推测SNHL与氧化应激网络及神经传导保护密切相关。代谢组学这项新兴检测分析技术的应用,有望为感音神经性聋的精准治疗提供崭新靶点和策略。Sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)is a prevalent sensory disorder whose pathogenesis and effective therapeutic strategies remain poorly understood.Identifying its biomarkers is of significant importance.Metabolomics,a technology that enables the analysis of small-molecule metabolites in biological samples,provides a quantitative approach to studying metabolic alterations.This approach has the potential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying various forms of SNHL and to aid in differential diagnosis and treatment.In this review,we summarize recent advances in metabolomic research on SNHL,including the sources of samples,analytical techniques,identified metabolic changes,and their biological significance.Key metabolites such as arginine,methionine,alanine,glutamate,homocysteine,tryptophan,pantothenic acid,acylcarnitine,sphingosine,and N-acetylneuraminic acid were found to exhibit significant alterations.Notably,the levels of numerous oxidative stress-related metabolites were observed to change following injury.Pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites suggests that SNHL is closely associated with oxidative stress networks and neuroprotective mechanisms.Metabolomics,an emerging analytical technology,holds promise for identifying novel therapeutic targets and strategies for precise treatment of SNHL.

关 键 词：感音神经性听力损失 代谢组学 氧化应激 精准治疗 

分 类 号：R76[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]