毒害草入侵扩张对亚高山草甸植物群落及土壤性状的影响  

Effects of Toxic Weeds Invasion and Expansion on Subalpine Meadow Plant Communities and Soil Properties

作　　者：牛琼梅 段青松 陈正发 刘洋 谢勇 刘佳 初晓辉[1] 单贵莲[1] NIU Qiongmei;DUAN Qingsong;CHEN Zhengfa;LIU Yang;XIE Yong;LIU Jia;CHU Xiaohui;SHAN Guilian(Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;College of Water Conservancy,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650224,China;Kunming Municipal Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center,Kunming 650223,China;Shangri-La Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Diqing 674499,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学水利学院,云南昆明650201 [3]云南省林业和草原局,云南昆明650224 [4]云南省昆明市动物疫病预防控制中心,云南昆明650223 [5]香格里拉市林业和草原局,云南迪庆674499

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期135-141,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：云南省农业联合专项(202101BD070001-068,202301BD070001-134,202301BD070001-174);云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2023Y0979,2024Y313);云南省水利科技项目(2023BG204001);云南省万人计划青年拔尖人才专项项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-031)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究毒害草入侵扩张对亚高山草甸植物群落和土壤性状的影响。【方法】以滇西北香格里拉市国家级亚高山草甸固定监测样地为研究对象,以样地内草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、大狼毒(Euphorbia jolkinii)和网脉橐吾(Ligularia dictyoneura)3个斑块为取样单元,分析毒害草入侵扩张草甸的植物群落物种组成和结构、土壤化学性状、土壤酶活性和微生物量。【结果】大狼毒和网脉橐吾入侵扩张一方面导致植被密度及优良牧草生物量显著降低,毒害草生物量及其占比显著增加;另一方面又能显著提高土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量,增加土壤有机碳、全氮和速效氮含量以及微生物量碳、氮、磷,提高土壤蔗糖酶及过氧化氢酶活性。【结论】大狼毒和网脉槖吾通过改变入侵地的植被和土壤环境,形成适合自身生长的环境条件,实现其在滇西北亚高山草甸的扩张蔓延。[Purpose]To study the effects of toxic weeds invasion and expansion on alpine meadow plant communities and soil properties.[Methods]Taking the national subalpine meadow fixed monitoring plot in Shangri-La City,northwest Yunnan as the research object,and the three patches within the plot,Poa pratensis,Euphorbia jolkinii and Ligularia dictyoneura,as the sampling units,the plant community composition and structure,soil chemical properties,soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass of the meadow invaded and expanded by toxic weeds were analyzed.[Result]The invasion and expansion of E.jolkinii and L.dictyoneura led to a significant decrease in vegetation density and the biomass of excellent forages,while the biomass and proportion of toxic weeds significantly increased.Furthermore,the invasion significantly increased the number of soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes,and enhanced the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,as well as microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus.It also increased the activities of soil sucrase and catalase.[Conclusion]The expansion of E.jolkinii and L.dictyoneura alters the vegetation and soil environment of the invaded area,creating conditions favorable for their growth,thereby promoting their spread in the subalpine meadows of northwest Yunnan.

关 键 词：大狼毒 网脉橐吾 入侵扩张 植物群落 土壤性状 

分 类 号：S155.292[农业科学—土壤学]