生产率分布与劳动报酬份额:理论与经验分析  

Productivity Distribution and the Labor Share:Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

作　　者：赵文[1] 肖双双 ZHAO Wen;XIAO Shuangshuang(Institute of Population&Labor Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,100006;Beijing Normal University,100875)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所,100006 [2]北京师范大学统计学院,100875

出　　处：《财贸经济》2025年第3期110-126,共17页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：中国社会科学院青年人才“培远计划”;中国社会科学院创新工程项目“法人单位间工资差距整体分布研究”。

摘　　要：2009—2015年中国制造业劳动报酬份额开始出现上升的趋势。对此,本文通过细分行业数据分析发现,生产率分布的变化影响着劳动报酬份额。企业间劳动生产率离散程度的下降,会提高行业劳动报酬份额,随前者变化的工资减价程度和行业利润份额是两者之间的重要传导机制。由于企业工资减价的程度随着企业劳动生产率的提高而提高,这也解释了为什么高劳动生产率企业的工资水平更高但劳动报酬份额更低。这意味着近年来制造业劳动报酬份额的趋势性提高,既受到了劳动力市场供求关系变化的影响,也受到了低劳动生产率企业的市场份额扩大的影响。这一结论为理解制造业劳动报酬份额上升现象提供了参考,对于识别工资决定机制具有一定的启示意义。Generally,capital factors tend to concentrate income,whereas labor factors are relatively inclined to equalize it.According to the data from the National Bureau of Statistics,the period from 2003 to 2009 witnessed a decline in the labor share accompanied by a continuous rise in the Gini coefficient.From 2011 to 2015,the labor share began to increase while the Gini coefficient decreased.The improvement of the labor share is crucial for narrowing the income gap among residents and significant for achieving the goal that labor remuneration keeps pace with labor productivity.The analysis upon typical facts with the industry as the unit reveals that in most manufacturing industries in China,the dispersion degree of firm productivity has decreased,the industry concentration has declined,and the labor share has increased.However,in some industries,the market concentration has increased instead.In such cases,the increase in the labor share calls for attention.Meanwhile,this paper further verifies that this common factor is the main cause of changes in the macro labor share.Since the change in the overall macro labor share is the combined result of changes in the labor share of industries and in the industrial structure,it is proved that the increase in the overall share mainly stems from the internal effects within the major categories of the manufacturing industries.The internal effects of the industry lead to the increase in the labor share of the industry,which is caused by the gradual decrease in the dispersion degree of labor productivity in each industry.This paper constructs a dynamic search frictions model in the labor market and analyzes the relationship between productivity dispersion and the labor share.By using the rich firm-level data from the national tax survey of Chinese manufacturing between 2009 and 2016,the quantitative effect of a decline in productivity dispersion from cross-industry data is simulated.Compared with some monopsony literature,this article studies the significant heterogeneous effect wh

关 键 词：劳动报酬份额 劳动生产率 工资 头部企业 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济] F249.2