云南省禄劝彝族苗族自治县小型兽类体表寄生蚤种群结构及分布  

Community structure and distribution of parasitic fleas of small mammals in Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,China

作　　者：邵宗体[1] 李兴能 段兴德[1] 李玉琼[1] 张荣兵[3] 耿天顺 毛美娟 程盼 刘美琪 高子厚[1] 刘正祥[1] SHAO Zong-ti;LI Xing-neng;DUAN Xing-de;LI Yu-qiong;ZHANG Rong-bing;GENG Tian-shun;MAO Mei-juan;CHENG Pan;LIU Mei-qi;GAO Zi-hou;LIU Zheng-xiang(Department of Medical Vector Prevention and Control,Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Focal Disease,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Luquan,Yunnan 651500,China;Kunming Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Kunming,Yunnan 650100,China;Lincang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lincang,Yunnan 677000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所医学动物昆虫防制科,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南大理671000 [2]禄劝彝族苗族自治县疾病预防控制中心,云南禄劝651500 [3]昆明市疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650100 [4]临沧市疾病预防控制中心,云南临沧677000

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2025年第1期122-128,共7页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81660554);徐建国院士工作站(2018IC155);云南省高校自然疫源性疾病流行病学科技创新团队(云教发〔2020〕102号)。

摘　　要：目的了解云南省禄劝彝族苗族自治县(禄劝县)小型兽类(小兽)体表寄生蚤的组成和分布,摸清其蚤类群落结构及分布状况,为探讨禄劝县是否存在鼠疫、地方性斑疹伤寒等蚤传疾病提供基础资料。方法在禄劝县辖区海拔1000~3700 m区间,按每间隔500 m划分1个海拔梯度带(海拔带),共划分为6个海拔带,选取不同海拔带中的居民区、农耕区和林区3种不同生境进行小兽体表寄生蚤调查取样,采用形态学分类法鉴定种类。所获数据运用群落生态学方法进行统计分析,数据整理统计采用Excel 2010、SPSS 21.0软件,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果共捕获小兽408只,获体表寄生蚤259匹,隶属6科15属19种。小兽体表平均染蚤率为25.49%,不同小兽体表染蚤率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=52.116,P<0.01);小兽平均蚤指数为0.63;优势蚤种为方叶栉眼蚤和特新蚤指名亚种,不同生境和海拔的优势蚤种分布存在差异。3种生境中,居民区小兽染蚤率和蚤指数均最高;林区小兽染蚤率次之,蚤指数最低;农耕区染蚤率最低,蚤指数次之;不同生境小兽体表染蚤率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.052,P=0.217)。不同海拔带小兽体表染蚤率在7.69%~44.44%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.914,P<0.001),蚤指数为0.09~1.24。小兽体表寄生蚤物种丰富度和数量分布呈随海拔升高逐步增加的趋势;多样性指数在0.544~1.712,并随海拔带Ⅰ~Ⅲ带逐步升高后下降,Ⅳ海拔带降至最低后,在Ⅴ带升为最高,Ⅵ带又逐步降低;均匀度与多样性变化趋势一致,优势度则相反,呈现随不同海拔带生境异质变化而变化的分布格局。3种生境多样性指数为0.681~1.591,以农耕区最高,林区次之,居民区最低;丰富度与多样性指数变化趋势一致,其他指标的变化趋势与海拔的基本相似。结论禄劝县小兽体表寄生蚤物种丰富度和多样性较高,存在云南家鼠、野鼠两型鼠疫主要媒介印鼠客蚤和�Objective To investigate the composition and distribution of parasitic fleas of small mammals in Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County,Yunnan Province,China,identify the community structure and distribution of fleas,so as to provide basic data for exploring whether there are plague,endemic typhus,and other flea-borne diseases in Luquan County.Methods In Luquan County,an altitude range of 1000 to 3700 meters was divided into 6 vertical gradient zones at intervals of 500 meters.Three different habitats in residential areas,farming areas,and forest areas at varying altitudes were selected for the sampling of parasitic fleas of small mammals.Species were identified through morphological classification.The data were statistically analyzed using community ecology methods.Excel 2010 and SPSS 21.0 softwares were used for data collection and analysis,and rates were compared using the Chi-square test.Results A total of 259 parasitic fleas were captured from 408 small mammals,belonging to 19 species,15 genera,and 6 families.The average flea infestation rate was 25.49%,with significant differences between the different small mammal species groups(χ^(2)=52.116,P<0.01).The flea index of small mammals was 0.63.The dominant species were Ctenophthalmus quadratus and Neopsylla specialis specialis.The distribution of dominant flea species varied across different habitats and altitudes.Among the three habitats,the flea infestation rate and flea index of small mammals in residential areas were the highest.The flea infestation rate of small mammals in forest areas ranked second,with the flea index ranking third.The rate of flea infestation in farming areas was the lowest,with the flea index ranking second.There was no significant difference in the flea infestation rate on the body surface of small mammals in different habitats(χ^(2)=3.052,P=0.217).In different altitude zones,the flea infestation rates on the body surface of small mammals ranged from 7.69%to 44.44%,with significant differences observed between the different altitude z

关 键 词：体表寄生蚤 物种多样性 小型兽类 群落结构 分布格局 

分 类 号：Q968.9[生物学—昆虫学] R254.8[医药卫生—中医内科学]