RNA干扰技术应用于媒介生物防治的研究进展  

Research progress of RNA interference technology applied to vector control

作　　者：张健 郭云海 开振鹏 蒋天哥 张仪 ZHANG Jian;GUO Yun-hai;KAI Zhen-peng;JIANG Tian-ge;ZHANG Yi(National Institute of Parasitic Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese National Tropical Diseases Research Center)Vector-Borne Tropical Diseases Department,Shanghai 200025,China;School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,Shanghai Institute of Technology,Shanghai 201418,China;Global Health Institute,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research),Shanghai 200025,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所(国家热带病研究中心)媒传热带病室,上海200025 [2]上海应用技术大学化学与环境工程学院,上海201418 [3]上海交通大学医学院-国家热带病研究中心全球健康学院,上海200025

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2025年第1期129-136,143,共9页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2300800,2021YFC2300802);国家自然科学基金(82161160343)。

摘　　要：RNA干扰(RNAi)是一种高效的分子调控手段,通过特异性地降低靶标基因的表达水平,对害虫的生物学特性产生影响。蚊、蜱、淡水螺和螨是传播多种致命疾病的重要媒介生物,RNAi技术在媒介生物防治的应用显示出了巨大的潜力。该文综述了RNAi技术在蚊、蜱、淡水螺和螨类等基因功能研究中的应用,尤其是在影响其繁殖能力、生长发育、神经和代谢功能以及免疫和病毒传播等基因方面的应用。此外,文章还探讨了影响RNAi效率的多种因素,包括双链RNA(dsRNA)的长度、浓度、给药途径和转染方法等,讨论了RNAi技术在实际应用中面临的挑战,并展望了RNAi技术在媒介生物防治中的潜力,旨在为未来的媒介生物防制管理策略提供新的途径和方法。RNA interference(RNAi)is an efficient molecular regulatory method that specifically reduces the expression levels of target genes,thereby affecting the biological characteristics of pests.Mosquitoes,ticks,freshwater snails,and mites are key vectors for the transmission of various deadly diseases.RNAi has shown great potential in the control of vectors.This article reviews the application of RNAi technology in gene function research of mosquitoes,ticks,freshwater snails,and mites,especially the genes that affect reproductive capacity,growth and development,neural and metabolic functions,as well as immune response and virus transmission.In addition,the article discusses various factors that affect the efficiency of RNAi,including dsRNA length,concentration,administration route,and transfection methods.This article addresses the challenges faced by RNAi technology in practical applications and the potential of RNAi technology in vector control.The results provide new approaches and methods for advancing future vector control management strategies.

关 键 词：RNA干扰 媒介生物 干扰效率 

分 类 号：R384[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学] Q522[医药卫生—基础医学]