迷宫-指尖密封泄漏流动特性研究  

Labyrinth-finger seal leakage flow characteristics research

作　　者：顾典海 王娟[1] 刘美红[1] 雷俊杰 GU Dianhai;WANG Juan;LIU Meihong;LEI Junjie(Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学机电工程学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《兵器装备工程学报》2025年第3期33-42,共10页Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering

基　　金：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2024J0070);国家自然科学基金项目(51765024)。

摘　　要：为进一步满足现代航空发动机在高压差下的密封性能需求,依据叠加组合原理,提出了一种由迷宫密封与指尖密封叠加而成的迷宫-指尖密封结构。将指尖密封内部流动特征处理为多孔介质,在转子静止、不同压比以及给定转子转速工况条件下,对迷宫-指尖密封泄漏量、前后挡板保护高度的压力、速度、湍流动能分布规律进行数值模拟研究,并与相同结构参数的指尖密封进行对比。结果表明:无论在静态还是动态工况下,由于泄漏气流在多个迷宫密封腔中耗散动能,迷宫-指尖密封的泄漏量明显小于指尖密封;对2种密封结构的流场进行分析,迷宫密封具有的曲折流道,导致迷宫-指尖密封流场分布较复杂且后挡板保护高度压降降低。此外,2种密封结构的转子表面湍流动能均呈现阶梯递减趋势,前后挡板保护高度接近下端的径向压力基本趋近于常数值,速度与湍流动能随压比的上升而增加。该研究为航空发动机在高压差下的轴向密封提供新的途径,且结构紧凑、泄漏量低。In order to further meet the sealing performance requirements of modern aero engines under high differential pressure,a labyrinth-finger sealing structure composed of labyrinth seal and finger seal was proposed according to the principle of superposition combination.The internal flow characteristics of the finger seal were treated as porous media,and the leakage of the labyrinth-finger seal,the distribution of pressure,velocity and turbulent energy at the front and rear baffle protection heights were numerically simulated under the conditions of rotor stationary,different pressure ratios and given rotor speed,and compared with the finger seals with the same structural parameters.The results show that the leakage of the labyrinth-finger seal is significantly smaller than that of the finger seal due to the dissipation of kinetic energy in multiple labyrinth sealing cavities,regardless of static or dynamic conditions.In addition,the turbulent flow energy on the rotor surface of the two sealing structures showed a stepwise decreasing trend,and the radial pressure of the front and rear baffle protection height close to the lower end basically approached the constant value,and the velocity and turbulent flow energy increased with the increase of the pressure ratio.This study provides a new way for the axial sealing of aero engines under high differential pressure,with compact structure and low leakage.

关 键 词：指尖密封 迷宫密封 迷宫-指尖密封 泄漏流动特性 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TB42[一般工业技术]